W5 Flashcards

1
Q

what is pharmacokinetics concerned with?

A
  1. route of administration - how drugs get in body
  2. absorption/distribution - how drugs move through the body
  3. metabolism - how drugs are transformed by the body
  4. elimination/excretion - how drugs are removed from body
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2
Q

what are psychoactive/psychotropic drugs?

A
  • alter neurotransmission
  • affect modd and behaviour
  • effective in managing psychological problems

Study the interaction of psychoactive drugs in the body (brain/behaviour)

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3
Q

Routes of administration?

A
  1. oral
  2. rectal
  3. mucous membranes - sublingal/buccal/nasal
  4. transdermal
  5. inhalation
  6. injection - intravenous/intramuscular/subcutaneous
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4
Q

unless injected how does dug reach blood plasma to get around the body?

A

drug must cross cell membranes before it can get around body in blood plasma (acts as a barrier) - this diffusion of drugs across lipid membrame can be affected by factors:
- lipid soluble and small molecule drugs diffuse best
- un-ionized drug molecules are more lipid soluble

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5
Q

Metabolism processes?

A
  • converts the drug chemically into another compound
  • takes place mainly in liver as it has enzymes that help metabolism
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6
Q

elimination processes?

A
  • urine - via kidneys
  • breath - alcohol
  • sweat/hair - often un-metabolised
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7
Q

what is a drug half life?

A

measure for duration of drug action
- time taken for amount of drug in plasma to fall by 50%
- important in determining how frequently a drug needs to be taken

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8
Q

definition for pharmacokinetics?

A

routes of administration, how drugs are processed by the body and how they bring about effects

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9
Q

definition for pharmacodynamics?

A

examples of agonists, antagonosts and allosteric modulators - what effect drug has and how they are bringing about that effect

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10
Q

whats quantifying drug effects?

A

efficacy and potency - used to make comparisons

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11
Q

oral administration +/-

A

most absorption in small intestine
pros:
- easy
- drug can be got out of system
- limited infection risk
- fast on empty stomach

cons:
- stomach acidity = drugs broken down
- food can make absorption unpredictable
- can cause vomitting
- first pass effect

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12
Q

what is the first pass effect?

A
  • extent that the drug get metabolized by the liver before reaching systemic circulation
  • this means only a proportion of the drug reaches the circulation and the drug is activated before they get to bloodstream/site of action
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13
Q

which administrative routes avoid first pass effect?

A

mucous membranes
injection

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14
Q

what is a transdermal patch?

A
  • controlled release of drug through a membrane
  • long duration
  • moisture may lift patch
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15
Q

what is an agonist?

A
  1. direct agonist - Drugs bind to receptors on PoSN and have same effect as the endogenous NT eg morphine binds to opioid receptors
  2. indirect agonist - enhances action of natural NT and doesnt directly mimic effects eg cocaine prevents reuptake of dopamine
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16
Q

whats an antagonist?

A
  1. direct antagonist - binds to receptor but has no physiological effect at that receptor - receptor blocker and tones done effect of the NT
  2. indirect antagonist -dampens NT activity by preventing release of NT
17
Q

what can direct agonist be classified as?

A

full and partial agonist depending on extent to which they mimic effects of NT

18
Q

whats allosteric modulation?

A

a chemical (modulator) binds to different part of the receptor than the NT and so alters the receptors response to the NT

19
Q

what is efficacy?

A

the dose size to produce the desired effect

20
Q

what is potency?

A

amount of drug required to produce a specific effect - very potent if you need small abount for same effect

21
Q

what is ED50?

A

the dose producing half the maximal effect

22
Q

therapeutic index equation?

A

TD50(toxic dose) / ED50 = TI

23
Q

that is a therapeutic dose

A

dose to produce effect wanted