W4-T1 Psychological Approaches 1: Individual Therapies Flashcards
What is the definition of mental illness in
the current socio-economical context
DSM 5 define it as (1) disruption in the way we feel (emotional regulation), act (behaviour), and think (cognition) indicates mental dysfunctioning (2) can be related to distress in work, relationship and other areas in life
How is the current definition of mental disorder shifted from the past?
From focusing on one aspect to multifactorial (e.g. DSM definition acknowledge the disturbance can be in cognition, emotions, and behaviour and can be related to many aspects of life)
Psychoanalytic theory was founded by
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Definition of psychoanalytic model
development (growth, evolution) and organization (operation) of personality that leads psychoanalysis
Why Freud psychoanalytic theory is now widely disputed and rejected
- The deterministic view of human nature
1.1 illogical forces
1.2 biological and instinctual drives
1.3 unconscious motivations.
According to Freud, what is eros (life)?
- sexual drive
- Creative life force
According to Freud, what is Thanatos?
- death
- destructiveness
According to Freud, how personality is shaped?
sexual drive, with constant conflict between biological drive and social expectation
According to Freud, how fully mature healthy personality is developed
successful internal conflict navigation
developmental stage mastery
According to Freud, what happen if the internal conflict is unsuccessfully navigated
lead to behavioural disorder / personality disorder
what is the element of personality according to Freud
Id, ego, super ego
concept of id
driven by internal and basic drive/ needs (hunger, sex, thirst) – it wants what it wants at the moment with no regards for others
concept of ego
ego is realistic – help to compromise id’s wishes as it relates to other people needs and desire
concept of super ego and when it develops
age of 5
the moral and ethical restraint
which element is in the conscious mind according to Freud
ego (thoughts, concept)
element in the unconscious mind
ID and superego (emotions, belief, feelings, impulse)
what is in the preconscious mind
memory and knowledge
define object-relation theory
emphasize family relationships, especially between mother and child
(object = other, relation = interpersonal)
main difference between object-relation theory to Freud psychoanalytic theory
focus more on interpersonal relationship and less on biological drive
what melanie klein known for
mother of object relation theory
according to melanie klein, what is the healthy age of development of the infant’s ego
6 months
what lead melanie klein to object related theory
interested in understanding the early cause of psychosis
what is paranoid-schizoid phase
in the first 6 months of infant age
he learns how to project out his loving and hating feelings into separate parts of the mother or ‘the breast’
good breast: loved
bad breast: hated
good and bad can’t coexist
what is depressive phase
3 to 6 months
infant learn the object as a whole
good and bad can coexist
According to Klein, what can be the cause of psychological and psychiatric distress
lack of successful navigation towards healthy developmental stages
what is the object relation theory donald winnicott emphasize on
vulnerability of the infant and good holding environment provided by the caregiver
what is the concept of good enough mother
able to provide physical, emotional support and love. protect baby from murderous part of her
how symbiosis disillusionment happened
through play and through the use of a transitional
object, which is the first known ‘me’ possession
why winnicott theory is criticized
for putting mother on naughty step
what influenced john bowlby work on the object relation theory
work experience
life experience
what was the focused of john bowlby work
children who separated from caregiver
what is john bowlby argument related to object relation theory
attachment theory:
1. it is an innate primary drive –derived from the association of the mother
2. the quality and nature of this bond were crucial for social, cognitive, and emotional development
3. it was the basis for the future capacity to build relationships
how attachment theory relate to internal working model
prototype for the future expectations on how they will relate to others and
how others will relate to them.
name 3 attachment style
avoidant, unloved/rejected
secure, positive/loved
ambivalent, inconsistent
