W3 Indicies, ICDAS, CAL measurments

Question 1

What do we record in a periodontal examination?

Answer 1

Mobility
Probing depth
Furcation involvment
Bleeding
Suppination
Clinical attachment loss
Attached gingiva levels
Radiographic assessment

Question 2

How do we assess plaque?

Answer 2

Extend/amount of biofilm 
Location/distrubution
- supragingival, subgingival
- pits and fissures
- tooth surfaces involved 
Distribution
- loaclised, generalised, marginalised
Pathogenicity
- Mature vs immature

Question 3

What is material albla?

Answer 3

Associated with biofilm, it loosely adherent mass of bacteria and cellular debris. It appears bulky, soft deposit appears without use of disclosing agent, can be removed via irrigation.
Likely to accumulate under fixed/removable prosthesis

Question 4

How we assess calculus?

Answer 4

Location: supragingival, subgingival.
Distrubution
Colour: light or dark

Question 5

Where do we measure probing depths?

Answer 5

Measurement from base of sulcus to ginigival margin. All 6 sites are measured and the highest is recorded

Question 6

How do we measure recession?

Answer 6

It is parrt of the tooth root that may be visible in jthe mouth. Measured from cementoenamel junction to gingival margin

Question 7

How do we measure clinical attachment levels?

Answer 7

Distance measured from CEJ to the base of the sulcus measured in millimetres. . It is dependant on jthe location of the gingival maargin.
At CEJ
Apical to CEJ
Coronal to CEJ

Question 8

How do we calculate CAL at CEj, apical to CEJ, coronal to CEJ?

Answer 8

If the gingival margin is AT the CEJ, the CAL equals the pocket depth. If the gingival margin is APical to CEJ the CAL equals the recession recording plus the probing depth recording. If the Gingival margin is coronal to CEJ the CAL equals the probing depth - gingival margin level that is covering the CEJ

Question 9

When can bleeding occur?

Answer 9

Bleeding can occur on stimulation of gingival tissues eg. brushhing is frequently associated with gingivitis. After probing, the bleeding index is used to measure the extent of BOP. Absence of bleeding id s good indicator of health.

Question 10

What is furcation involvement?

Answer 10

Loss of attachment between roots on a multirooted tooth, the presence of a furcation impacts the prognosis of the tooth. Is measured with a nabers probe and via the furcation index

Question 11

What is mobility?

Answer 11

Degree to which a tooth is able to moive in a horizontal/vertical direction

Question 12

Define attached gingiva levels

Answer 12

Inadequate attached gingiva. Less than 1mm of keratinized attached gingiva present on a tooth. Usually more sensitive areas - can develop into a mucogingival problem requiring a skin graft.

Question 13

What is the gingival biotype?

Answer 13

Clinical observation of the thickness and width of facial keratinized tissue. Reduced gingival thickness is one of the factors that cause perio attachment loss - orthodontics.

The gingival contour closely mimics the contour of the underlying alveolar bone.

Question 14

What is flat gingiva?

Answer 14

Associated with a square tooth form?

Question 15

What is highly scalloped gingiva

Answer 15

Associated with a taper tooth form.

Question 16

What are 3 ques for clinical assessment of gingivall biotype?

Answer 16

Visual evaluation: canot assess he degree of gingival thickness.
Probe transparency: evaluate probe visibility through gingival tissue - important for aesthetics in restorative denistry.
Transgingival probing: measure tissue thichness: >1.5mm = thick. <1.5mm = thin.

Question 17

Describe bilogical width?

Answer 17

Describes the combine heights of the junctional epithelium and CT attachment to a tooth.

Question 18

Why is biological width important?

Answer 18

It is essential for preservation of periodontal health and removal of irritation that might cause damage the periodontium. Primarily the significance of biological width to the position of restorative margins and post surgical. If margin placed within biological width → neg effective on peridontal health + plaque retentive factor

Question 19

Descrie the clinical evaluation of biological width and violation

Answer 19

Chronic progressive gingival inflamation around the restoration.
BOP
Localised gingival hypoplasia.
Gingival recession
Pocket formation
CAL
Alveolar bone loss
Discomfort.

If the margin is placed too deep = biological response = inflamation. Supra gingiva biologival width is not a risk. Subgingival is at risk

Question 20

How do you calculate bleeding score?

Answer 20

No. of sites with bleeding present / no. of sites examined x 100. By obtaining a bleeding score allows a base line for patient to improve upon.

Question 21

What is the furcation index?

Answer 21

Used to record the severity of bone loss around a tooth of furcation. It is classified by Class I, Class II, Class III, Class IV.

Question 22

What basically is Class I, CLass II, Class III, Class IV?

Answer 22

Class I: beginning of involvment, cannot be entered fully.
Class II: when you can enter furcation point from buccal/ lingual aspect, nut cannot penetrate through opposite side.
Class III: Through and through involvment, but the furcation is still covered by soft tissue.
Class IV: Through and through furcation involvment that is NOT covered by soft tissue and clinically exposed area.

Question 23

What is the mobility index?

Answer 23

Used to record the severityof mobility of a tooth. Classified into 3:
Class I
Class II
Class III

Question 24

What basically is the classifications in the mobility index?

Answer 24

Class I: Tooth can be moved upto 1mm in any direction.
Class II: Tooth can be moved >1mm in any direction but is not depressible in socket,
Class II: Tooth can be moved in buccolingual direction and is depressible in socket

Question 25

What is DMFT Index?

Answer 25

Index of caries experience, of the tooth is in capitals M, D P it is a pernament tooth.
D=Decayed
M= Missing
F= Filled

Question 26

What is ICDAS?

Answer 26

International Caries Detection and Assessment