W3 Exam

Question 0

1. In the systemic capillary beds why is velocity at a minimum?
   a. pressure is very low
   b. resistance is very high
   c. total cross sectional area is very large
   d. lumen of a capillary is very small

Answer 0

c. total cross sectional area is very large

Question 1

2. The vascular compartment that offers the greatest resistance to flow is which of the following?
   a. aorta
   b. large arteries
   c. small arteries
   d. arterioles
   e. capillaries

Answer 1

e. capillaries

Question 2

3. What is the physiologic significance of a broad band Doppler reading in the carotid artery?
   a. associated with laminar flow
   b. associated with no flow
   c. associated with turbulent flow
   d. associated with a ruptured vessel

Answer 2

c. associated with turbulent flow

Question 3

4. Under strong widespread SNS stimulation, which tissue bed would show an increase in local blood flow?
   a. skin
   b. intestines
   c. liver
   d. heart
   e. all of the above

Answer 3

d. heart

Question 4

5. A large increase in local tissue flow is usually associated with a large increase in systemic arterial blood pressure.
   a. true b. false

Answer 4

True

Question 5

6. If the velocity of flow is 20 cm/sec in a vessel with a cross sectional area of .5 cm2 . What is the flow rate in that vessel?
   a. 10 ml/min
   b. 40 ml/min
   c. 600 ml/min
   d. cannot determine without the pressure gradient

Answer 5

c. 600 ml/min

Question 6

7. If the cardiac output is stopped, and a shunt is placed between the aorta and the vena cava, the arterial pressure should drop until it equals which of the following pressures?
   a. it equals the diastolic pressure
   b. it equals the critical closing pressure
   c. it equals the central venous pressure
   d. it equals the mean circulatory filling pressure

Answer 6

d. it equals the mean circulatory filling pressure

Question 7

8. As the velocity of blood flow decreases, why does viscosity of blood increase?
   a. red blood cells get stuck at constriction points
   b. elements in the blood stick together
   c. red blood cells line up
   d. flow becomes more turbulent

Answer 7

b. elements in the blood stick together. All are true at certain times.

Question 8

9. At a given flow, the greater the change in pressure along a given length of wall is associated with which of the following?
   a. a greater resistance to flow
   b. a greater cross sectional area
   c. a greater cardiac output
   d. a greater metabolic demand in the tissue

Answer 8

.

Question 9

10. In response to exercise, what causes vasodilatation in the active muscle increasing local blood flow?
    a. influence of parasympathetic stimulation
    b. influence of sympathetic stimulation
    c. influence of local vasodilators
    d. influence of sympathetic inhibition

Answer 9

c. influence of local vasodilators

Question 10

11. What effect would increased fibrinogen levels have on viscosity of blood in the Microcirculation?
    a. increase b. decrease c. no effect

Answer 10

Increases

Question 11

13. What is the probability for turbulent flow in a large diameter vessel with a high velocity of flow?
    a. low b. intermediate c. high d. none

Answer 11

high

Question 12

16. In a cardiac function curve, as central venous pressure increases, what happens to the cardiac output?
    a. increases b. decreases c. doesn’t change

Answer 12

Increases

Question 13

17. Lymph drainage from the right leg will reenter the circulation via which of the following vessels?
    a. right lymph duct
    b. thoracic duct
    c. portal duct
    d. ductus venosus

Answer 13

Thoracic duct

Question 14

18. Stimulation of baroreceptors will have what effect on the pressor center?
    a. stimulate b. inhibit c. no effect

Answer 14

inhibit

Question 15

19. In response to an increase in demand, new microvessels are formed.
    a. true b. false

Answer 15

True

Question 16

20. The major effect of SNS stimulation on vascular smooth muscle is which of the following?
    a. constriction mediated by alpha receptors
    b. dilation mediated by alpha receptors
    c. constriction mediated by beta receptors
    d. dilation mediated by beta receptors

Answer 16

a. constriction mediated by alpha receptors

Question 17

24. Angiogenic peptides, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, serve what primary function?
    a. stimulate formation of red blood cells
    b. stimulate formation of plasma proteins
    c. are major vasodilator substances
    d. stimulate formation of new blood vessels

Answer 17

stimulate formation of new blood vessels

Question 18

25. When one goes from a lying to a standing position, what happens to the activity of carotid baroreceptors acutely?
    a. increase b. decrease c. doesn’t change

Answer 18

.decrease

Question 19

26. What increases actual colloid osmotic pressure effects by about 50% over calculated values?
    a. increased concentrations of cations in the plasma
    b. undetectable plasma proteins
    c. negative charges on plasma proteins
    d. a very tight capillary endothelium

Answer 19

.negative charges on plasma proteins

Question 20

27. During diastole, perfusion of a tissue bed is maintained by what mechanism?
    a. elastic recoil of the arteries
    b. delayed compliance of the systemic veins
    c. atrial contraction
    d. sympathetic stimulation of the systemic arterial smooth muscles v

Answer 20

. elastic recoil of the arteries

Question 21

29. 2/3 of all lymph at rest is formed from which of the following?
    a. heart and lungs
    b. skeletal muscle
    c. brain
    d. liver and intestines

Answer 21

. d. liver and intestines

Question 22

33. The kidney autoregulates both glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal blood flow (RBF) under resting conditions. Considering the architecture of the renal microcirculation, which of the following would increase GFR and decrease RBF if arterial BP was held constant.
    a. constriction of the efferent arterioles
    b. dilation of the efferent arterioles
    c. constriction of the afferent arterioles
    d. dilation of the afferent arterioles

Answer 22

.constriction of the efferent arterioles

Question 23

34. Consider the following data;
    Mean Capillary hydrostatic pressure = 17mm Hg.
    Mean Interstitial hydrostatic pressure = -5mm Hg.
    Mean Capillary colloid osmotic pressure = 28 mm Hg.
    Mean Interstitial colloid osmotic pressure = 6 mm Hg.
    At this point in time filtration is _____ reabsorption.
    a. greater than b. equal to c. less than

Answer 23

.b. equal to

Question 24

39. If the central venous pressure equals the mean circulation filling pressure, what can be said about the venous return? a. it is normal b. it is elevated c. it is depressed d. it is non existent

Answer 24

.d. it is non existent

Question 25

40. When considering exchange across the capillary wall, how would a larger non lipid soluble molecule cross the wall? a. passive diffusion b. ultrafiltration c. vesicular transport d. forget about it

Answer 25

.c. vesicular transport

Question 26

What are the common vasodilators?

Answer 26

``` – Adenosine – CO2 – K+ – Histamine – Lactic acid ```