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Cvp Other > Cvp Exam 3 Study > Flashcards

Cvp Exam 3 Study Flashcards

0
Q

Ventilation of alveoli is coupled with?

A

perfusion of pulmonary capillaries

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1
Q

Respiratory neurons in brain stem have what (3) functions?

A

– sets basic drive of ventilation
– descending neural traffic to spinal cord
– activation of muscles of respiration

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2
Q

Where are the respiratory centers located?

A

brain stem
– Dorsal & Ventral Medullary group
– Pneumotaxic & Apneustic centers

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3
Q

Inspiratory muscles will increase or decrease thoracic cage volume?

A

Increase cage volume

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4
Q

What muscles are involved with inspiration

A
  • Diaphragm, External Intercostals, SCM,

* Ant & Post. Sup. Serratus, Scaleni, LevatorCostarum

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5
Q

What muscles are involved with expiration?

A

Abdominals, Internal Intercostals, Post Inf. Serratus,Transverse Thoracis, Pyramidal

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6
Q

What is the percent increase in thoracic cage volume on inspiration?

A

3%

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7
Q

What is the only muscle of inspiration to not lift the cage?

A

Diaphragm

• drops floor of thoracic cage

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8
Q

Which muscle of expiration is linked to low back pain?

A

Transverse abdominis

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9
Q

Under resting conditions is expiration a passive or active process?

A

Passive

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10
Q

What is the negative pressure between parietal and visceral

pleura that keeps lung inflated against chest wall?

A

Pleural pressure

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11
Q

What is the standard range of pleural pressure?

A

between -5 and -7.5 cmH2O

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12
Q

What keeps the lung inflated?

A

Negative pressure between the visceral and parietal pleura

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13
Q

What type of pressure involves
• subatmospheric during inspiration
• supra-atmospheric during expiration

A

Alveolar pressure

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14
Q

What is transpulmonary pressure?

A

difference between alveolar P & pleural P

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15
Q

What does transpulmonary pressure measure?

A

measures the recoil tendency of the lung

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16
Q

When does transpulmonary pressure peak?

A

At the end of inspiration

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17
Q

What limits the volume of air intake?

A

The Chest wall (thoracic cage)

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18
Q

At the onset of inspiration the pleural
pressure changes at faster rate than lung volume.
What is the term for this?

A

Hysteresis

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19
Q

Is it easier to inflate a saline or air filled lung? Why?

A

Saline filled lung.

Because surface tension forces have been eliminated in the saline filled lung

20
Q

What is the percentage of total body energy required for ventilation?

A

3-5% of total body energy

21
Q

During normal inspiration what is happening to the (intra) pleural pressure?

A

It is becoming more negative

22
Q

What is the physiological significance of the transpulmonary pressure?

A

Measures the recoil tendency of the lung

23
Q

Without surfactant, as alveolar volume decreases, what to collapse pressure in the alveoli?

A

It increases

24
Most of the oxygen that enters the alveoli is carried by what processes?
Diffusion
25
What effect does sympathetic stimulation have o. Airway smooth muscle?
Dilation via beta receptors
26
You would have to increase the velocity of pulmonary capillary blood flow how many times before arterial O2 levels would decrease?
4X
27
What is the average total surface area of the respiratory membrane?
70 square meters
28
Lymphatic drainage from the pleural space helps to create negative pleural pressure? T or F
True
29
As air flows from the trachea to alveoli, what happens to velocity?
Decreases
30
Why is a saline filled lung easier to expand than an air filled lung?
Decreased surface tension.
31
As you expire a normal tidal volume, what happens to the concentration of oxygen in that expired air?
Decreases toward the end of expiration
32
As you expire a normal tidal volume, what happens to the concentration of CO2 in that expired air?
Increases toward the end of expiration
33
What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the carotid body chemoreceptor?
Increases sensitivity to hypoxia
34
The herring Breuer inflation reflex is best described as?
Inhibits the dorsal respiratory group at tidal volumes > 1500 mls
35
At the end of inspiration how does alveolar pressure relate to ATM?
Alveolar pressure is equal to pleural pressure
36
During inspiration what causes the lung to inflate as the chest wall expands?
Negative pleural pressure acts as a suction
37
Why is the left ventricular output slightly higher than the right ventricular output?
Because some bronchial artery blood drains into the pulmonary veins
38
At the end of normal expiration, where is most of the functional residual capacity located?
In alveoli
39
On average, how much oxygen is taken up into blood from the lungs at rest per minute?
.25 liters
40
As fatty acid utilization for energy increases, what happens to the metabolized oxygen?
More metabolic water is produced
41
If the rib cage is completely immobile, how is inspiration possible?
Contraction of the diaphragm increases cage volume
42
Transpulmonary pressure would be highest when?
At the end of normal inspiration.
43
Under resting conditions, how much total body energy is consumed by muscles of inspiration?
2-3%
44
At he start of normal inspiration, describe the rate of volume change compared to pleural pressure changes
The volume changes at a slower rate than the pleural pressure changes
45
What percentage of the FRC is dead space?
Less than 10%
46
All the blood from the bronchial arteries drains into the azygos vein. True or false
False. Venous drainage is into azygous (1/2) or pulmonary veins (1/2)
47
What cranial nerve arrives the afferent traffic that stimulates a sneeze?
CN V ( trigeminal )
48
Coughing is an effective way to clear smaller airways? True or false
False

Cvp Other (5 decks)

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