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Cvp Other > Cvp Exam 3 Study > Flashcards

Cvp Exam 3 Study Flashcards

0
Q

Ventilation of alveoli is coupled with?

A

perfusion of pulmonary capillaries

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1
Q

Respiratory neurons in brain stem have what (3) functions?

A

– sets basic drive of ventilation
– descending neural traffic to spinal cord
– activation of muscles of respiration

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2
Q

Where are the respiratory centers located?

A

brain stem
– Dorsal & Ventral Medullary group
– Pneumotaxic & Apneustic centers

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3
Q

Inspiratory muscles will increase or decrease thoracic cage volume?

A

Increase cage volume

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4
Q

What muscles are involved with inspiration

A
  • Diaphragm, External Intercostals, SCM,

* Ant & Post. Sup. Serratus, Scaleni, LevatorCostarum

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5
Q

What muscles are involved with expiration?

A

Abdominals, Internal Intercostals, Post Inf. Serratus,Transverse Thoracis, Pyramidal

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6
Q

What is the percent increase in thoracic cage volume on inspiration?

A

3%

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7
Q

What is the only muscle of inspiration to not lift the cage?

A

Diaphragm

• drops floor of thoracic cage

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8
Q

Which muscle of expiration is linked to low back pain?

A

Transverse abdominis

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9
Q

Under resting conditions is expiration a passive or active process?

A

Passive

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10
Q

What is the negative pressure between parietal and visceral

pleura that keeps lung inflated against chest wall?

A

Pleural pressure

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11
Q

What is the standard range of pleural pressure?

A

between -5 and -7.5 cmH2O

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12
Q

What keeps the lung inflated?

A

Negative pressure between the visceral and parietal pleura

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13
Q

What type of pressure involves
• subatmospheric during inspiration
• supra-atmospheric during expiration

A

Alveolar pressure

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14
Q

What is transpulmonary pressure?

A

difference between alveolar P & pleural P

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15
Q

What does transpulmonary pressure measure?

A

measures the recoil tendency of the lung

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16
Q

When does transpulmonary pressure peak?

A

At the end of inspiration

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17
Q

What limits the volume of air intake?

A

The Chest wall (thoracic cage)

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18
Q

At the onset of inspiration the pleural
pressure changes at faster rate than lung volume.
What is the term for this?

A

Hysteresis

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19
Q

Is it easier to inflate a saline or air filled lung? Why?

A

Saline filled lung.

Because surface tension forces have been eliminated in the saline filled lung

20
Q

What is the percentage of total body energy required for ventilation?

A

3-5% of total body energy

21
Q

During normal inspiration what is happening to the (intra) pleural pressure?

A

It is becoming more negative

22
Q

What is the physiological significance of the transpulmonary pressure?

A

Measures the recoil tendency of the lung

23
Q

Without surfactant, as alveolar volume decreases, what to collapse pressure in the alveoli?

A

It increases

24
Q

Most of the oxygen that enters the alveoli is carried by what processes?

A

Diffusion

25
Q

What effect does sympathetic stimulation have o. Airway smooth muscle?

A

Dilation via beta receptors

26
Q

You would have to increase the velocity of pulmonary capillary blood flow how many times before arterial O2 levels would decrease?

A

4X

27
Q

What is the average total surface area of the respiratory membrane?

A

70 square meters

28
Q

Lymphatic drainage from the pleural space helps to create negative pleural pressure? T or F

A

True

29
Q

As air flows from the trachea to alveoli, what happens to velocity?

A

Decreases

30
Q

Why is a saline filled lung easier to expand than an air filled lung?

A

Decreased surface tension.

31
Q

As you expire a normal tidal volume, what happens to the concentration of oxygen in that expired air?

A

Decreases toward the end of expiration

32
Q

As you expire a normal tidal volume, what happens to the concentration of CO2 in that expired air?

A

Increases toward the end of expiration

33
Q

What effect does sympathetic stimulation have on the carotid body chemoreceptor?

A

Increases sensitivity to hypoxia

34
Q

The herring Breuer inflation reflex is best described as?

A

Inhibits the dorsal respiratory group at tidal volumes > 1500 mls

35
Q

At the end of inspiration how does alveolar pressure relate to ATM?

A

Alveolar pressure is equal to pleural pressure

36
Q

During inspiration what causes the lung to inflate as the chest wall expands?

A

Negative pleural pressure acts as a suction

37
Q

Why is the left ventricular output slightly higher than the right ventricular output?

A

Because some bronchial artery blood drains into the pulmonary veins

38
Q

At the end of normal expiration, where is most of the functional residual capacity located?

A

In alveoli

39
Q

On average, how much oxygen is taken up into blood from the lungs at rest per minute?

A

.25 liters

40
Q

As fatty acid utilization for energy increases, what happens to the metabolized oxygen?

A

More metabolic water is produced

41
Q

If the rib cage is completely immobile, how is inspiration possible?

A

Contraction of the diaphragm increases cage volume

42
Q

Transpulmonary pressure would be highest when?

A

At the end of normal inspiration.

43
Q

Under resting conditions, how much total body energy is consumed by muscles of inspiration?

A

2-3%

44
Q

At he start of normal inspiration, describe the rate of volume change compared to pleural pressure changes

A

The volume changes at a slower rate than the pleural pressure changes

45
Q

What percentage of the FRC is dead space?

A

Less than 10%

46
Q

All the blood from the bronchial arteries drains into the azygos vein. True or false

A

False. Venous drainage is into azygous (1/2) or pulmonary veins (1/2)

47
Q

What cranial nerve arrives the afferent traffic that stimulates a sneeze?

A

CN V ( trigeminal )

48
Q

Coughing is an effective way to clear smaller airways? True or false

A

False

Cvp Other (5 decks)

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