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Cvp Other > Exam 2 > Flashcards

Exam 2 Flashcards

0
Q

In most tissue beds, blood flow is regulated in proportion to which of the following?

a. arterial blood pressure
b. cardiac output
c. local metabolism
d. mean circulatory filling pressure

A

local metabolism

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1
Q 
Consider the resistance in the following tissue beds: 
coronary = .40 mmHg/ml/min 
brain       = .13 mmHg/ml/min 
liver       = .08 mmHg/ml/min 
kidneys  = .10 mmHg/ml/min 
What is the total peripheral resistance? 
a.  greater than .71 
b.  between .08 and .4 
c.  less than .08 
d.  undeterminable
A

less than .08

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2
Q 
resistance in the following tissue beds:
coronary = .40 mmHg/ml/min 
brain       = .13 mmHg/ml/min 
liver       = .08 mmHg/ml/min 
kidneys  = .10 mmHg/ml/min 
which tissue bed would have the greatest flow? 
a.  coronary 
b.  brain 
c.  liver 
d.  kidneys
A

Liver

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3
Q

In the following vessels the flow rate is identical, which vessel is offering the greatest resistance to flow?

a. P1=50 - P2 =25
b. P1=70 - P2=60
c. P1=80 - P2=65

A

a. P1=50 - P2 =25

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4
Q

A broad band Doppler reading is indicative of what type of flow?

a. laminar
b. turbulent
c. intermittent
d. flow has ceased

A

Turbulent

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5
Q

A narrow band Doppler reading is indicative of what type of flow?

a. laminar
b. turbulent
c. intermittent
d. flow has ceased

A

Laminar

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6
Q 
If  a vessel with a length of 100 cm has a cross sectional area of .5 cm2 , and velocity of flow of 10 cm/sec.   The pressure drop across that length is 10 mmHg. What is the 
flow in that vessel? 
a.  10 ml/min 
b.  20 ml/min 
c.  100 ml/min 
d.  200 ml/min 
e.  300 ml/min
A

e. 300 ml/min

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7
Q

The vascular compartment with the greatest total cross sectional area and lowest velocity is which of the following?

a. aorta
b. large arteries
c. capillaries
d. large veins

A

Capillaries

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8
Q

The vascular compartment with the smallest total cross sectional
area and highest velocity is which of the following?
a. aorta
b. large arteries
c. capillaries
d. large veins

A

Aorta

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9
Q

Which of the following is not characteristic of parallel circuitry?

a. independence of flow control
b. maximizes total peripheral resistance
c. maximizes oxygen delivery to tissues
d. decreases work load on the heart

A

b. maximizes total peripheral resistance

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10
Q
  1. A small change in volume producing a large change in pressure is characteristic of which vascular compartment?
    a. systemic arteries
    b. systemic veins
    c. microcirculation
    d. all of the above
A

a. systemic arteries

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11
Q
  1. Acetylcholine binding to the vascular endothelium has what effect?
    a. vasodilatation by causing nitric oxide release
    b. vasodilatation by causing adenosine release
    c. vasoconstriction by triggering muscle spasm
    d. vasoconstriction by stimulating the sympathetic nervous system
A

vasodilatation by causing nitric oxide release

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12
Q
  1. What is the effect of sympathetic nervous stimulation on most vascular smooth muscle?
    a. vasodilatation mediated by alpha receptors
    b. vasodilatation mediated by beta receptors
    c. vasoconstriction mediated by alpha receptors
    d. vasoconstriction mediated by beta receptors
A

c. vasoconstriction mediated by alpha receptors

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13
Q
  1. During widespread sympathetic nervous system stimulation, which tissue bed wouldshow the least increase in vascular resistance?
    a. stomach
    b. kidney
    c. lung
    d. liver
A

Lung

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14
Q
  1. As a tissue becomes more active, how is blood flow to that tissue increased?
    a. tissue releases local vasodilators
    b. reflex increase in systemic blood pressure
    c. sympathetic induced local vasodilatation
    d. parasympathetic induced local vasodilatation
A

tissue releases local vasodilators

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15
Q
  1. At a given mean circulatory filling pressure what happens to venous return as centralvenous pressure increases?
    a. increases
    b. decreases
    c. stays constant
A

Decreases

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16
Q
  1. If cardiac output is stopped, arterial pressure will be expected to fall until it equalswhich of the following?
    a. critical closing pressure
    b. mean circulatory filling pressure
    c. pulse pressure
    d. central venous pressure
A

a. critical closing pressure

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17
Q
  1. In a healthy young adult comment about tissue flow during diastole?
    a. it ceases
    b. maintained by recoil of the arteries
    c. maintained by release of local vasodilators
    d. maintained by parasympathetic vasodilatation
A

b. maintained by recoil of the arteries

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18
Q
  1. If blood flow to a tissue doubles from 200 ml/min to 400 ml/min, and the AV O2
    difference falls from .05 ml O2/ml to .025 ml O2/ml. Comment on the increase in flow.
    a. it is a functional increase in flow
    b. it is due to an increase in tissue metabolism
    c. It is likely due to shunting
    d. it is due to the release of local vasodilators
A

c. It is likely due to shunting

19
Q
  1. What increases the plasma colloid osmotic effect by about 50%?
    a. positive charges on protein attracting and holding negative ions like chloride
    b. negative changes on protein attracting and holding positive ions like sodium
    c. the large quantity of fibrinogen that is converted to fibrin
    d. the natural charge attraction of sodium and cloride
A

b. negative changes on protein attracting and holding positive ions like sodium

20
Q
  1. What effect does decreasing velocity have on blood viscosity?
    a. increases
    b. decreases
    c. no effect
A

Increases

21
Q
  1. How does fibrinogen decrease blood viscosity?
    a. causes local vasodilation
    b. by thinning out plasma
    c. makes RBC’s more flexible
    d. reduces the number of RBC’s
A

makes RBC’s more flexible

22
Q
  1. The chronic use of anti-inflammatory drugs could be expected to inhibit which of the following processes?
    a. local vasodilatation
    b. angiogenesis
    c. glomerular filtration
    d. hydraulic filtering
A

Angiogenesis

23
Q

Filtration involves which 2?
average capillary hydrostatic P = 17 mmHg
average capillary colloid osmotic P = 28 mmHg
average interstitial hydrostatic P = -2 mmHg
average interstitial colloid osmotic P = 9 mmHg

A

Hydrostatic

24
Q

Reabsorption involves which 2?
average capillary hydrostatic P = 17 mmHg
average capillary colloid osmotic P = 28 mmHg
average interstitial hydrostatic P = -2 mmHg
average interstitial colloid osmotic P = 9 mmHg

A

Colloid osmotics

25
Q

Which brainstem area is tonically active and is associated with a tonic SNS outflow?

a. neurons associated with the nucleus tractus solitarius
b. neurons anterolateral in the upper medulla and pons
c. neurons anterolateral in the lower medulla
d. neurons posteromedially in the medulla

A

neurons anterolateral in the upper medulla and pons

26
Q

Which brainstem area is considered a depressor center?

a. neurons associated with the nucleus tractus solitarius
b. neurons anterolateral in the upper medulla and pons
c. neurons anterolateral in the lower medulla
d. neurons posteromedially in the medulla

A

neurons anterolateral in the lower medulla

27
Q

Which brainstem area is associated with baroreception?

a. neurons associated with the nucleus tractus solitarius
b. neurons anterolateral in the upper medulla and pons
c. neurons anterolateral in the lower medulla
d. neurons posteromedially in the medulla

A

neurons associated with the nucleus tractus solitarius

28
Q

Which of the following substance is associated with local vasodilatation?

a. norepinephrine
b. angiotensin II
c. antidiurectic hormone
d. adenosine

A

adenosine

29
Q

Which of the following substance is associated with local vasoconstriction?

a. norepinephrine
b. angiotensin II
c. antidiurectic hormone
d. adenosine

A

a. norepinephrine
b. angiotensin II
c. antidiurectic hormone

30
Q

What high resistance microvessels control local blood flow by intergrating multipleinput which determine lumen diameter?

a. arterioles
b. capillaries
c. venules
d. large arteries

A

arterioles

31
Q

Which (2) of the following may act at the level of the CNS in the development of hypotension?

a. acetylcholine
b. norepinephrine
c. adenosine
d. nitric oxide
e. serotonin

A

d. nitric oxide

e. serotonin

32
Q
  1. In the kidney, how does SNS stimulation, increase angiotensin formation?
    a. by stimulation of the JG cells to release angiotensin
    b. by stimulation of the JG cells to release renin
    c. by stimulation of the vasa recti to release vasopressin
    d. by stimulation of the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone
A

by stimulation of the JG cells to release renin

33
Q
  1. In response to a fall in systemic arterial blood pressure, which of the following changes would be counterproductive in offsetting that fall?
    a. increase in SNS stimulation
    b. increase in renin release
    c. increase in vasopressin release
    d. increase in ANP release
A

increase in ANP release

34
Q
  1. In the face of rising arterial blood pressure, which of the following responses wouldautoregulate both renal blood flow and glomerular filtration?
    a. constriction of the afferent arterioles
    b. constriction of the efferent arterioles
    c. dilation of the afferent arterioles
    d. dilation of the efferent arterioles
A

a. constriction of the afferent arterioles

35
Q
  1. What effect does stimulation of baroreceptors, have on sympathetic outflow?
    a. increases
    b. decreases
    c. no effect
A

Decreases

36
Q
  1. During systole, what is happening to baroreceptor activity?
    a. increasing
    b. decreasing
    c. stays constant
A

Increasing

37
Q
  1. During diastole, what is happening to baroreceptor activity?
    a. increasing
    b. decreasing
    c. stays constant
A

Decreasing

38
Q
  1. In the fetus, the ductus arteriosis shunts blood from the pulmonary artery to the aorta returning primarily from what vessel?
    a. inferior vena cava
    b. superior vena cava
    c. azygous veins
    d. umbilical veins
A

Superior vena cava

39
Q
  1. What is the function of the ductus venosus in the fetus?
    a. shunt blood from the pulmonary artery into the aorta
    b. shunt blood from the right atrium into the left atrium
    c. shunt blood from the umbilical vein into the inferior vena cava
    d. shunt blood away from the lungs
A

c. shunt blood from the umbilical vein into the inferior vena cava

40
Q
  1. In which of the following tissue beds does sympathetic nervous system stimulation cause a metabolically induced local increase in blood flow?
    a. heart
    b. active skeletal muscle
    c. GI tract
    d. brain
A

Heart

41
Q
  1. During exercise, which of the following normally decreases?
    a. heart rate
    b. active muscle blood flow
    c. diastolic blood pressure
    d. VO2
A

VO2

42
Q
  1. During exercise most of the increase in cardiac output is due to which of thefollowing?
    a. increase in heart rate
    b. increase in stroke volume
    c. decrease in central venous pressure
    d. increase in ventilation
A

Increase in heart rate

43
Q

During exercise most of the improvement in cardiac output is due to which of thefollowing?

a. increase in heart rate
b. increase in stroke volume
c. decrease in central venous pressure
d. increase in ventilation

A

increase in stroke volume

44
Q
  1. A large change in volume producing a small change in pressure is characteristic of which vascular compartment?
    a. systemic arteries
    b. systemic veins
    c. microcirculation
    d. all of the above
A

Systemic veins

Cvp Other (5 decks)

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