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Cvp Other > Practice In Class Final > Flashcards

Practice In Class Final Flashcards

0
Q

If the rib cage is totally immobile, how is inspiration possible?

a. only in an iron lung
b. by forcing expiration and allowing for a passive inspiration
c. by diaphragmatic breathing
d. by using abdominal muscles to increase thoracic cage volume

A

c. by diaphragmatic breathing

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1
Q

During expiration, which of the following statements is true.

a. alveolar P > atmospheric P > pleural P
b. alveolar P = atmospheric P > pleural P
c. atmospheric P > alveolar P > pleural P
d. alveolar P = pleural P > atmospheric P

A

a. alveolar P > atmospheric P > pleural P

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2
Q

Which of the following statements is best associated with transpulmonary pressure?

a. is dependent on the ventilation perfusion ratio
b. is associated with diffusion of oxygen into alveoli
c. keeps the lung inflated against the chest wall
d. measure of the recoil tendency of the lung

A

d. measure of the recoil tendency of the lung

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3
Q

Which of the following muscles is active during forced expiration?a. anterior serratus

b. levator costarum
c. external intercostals
d. rectus abdominus

A

d. rectus abdominus

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4
Q

Which of the following muscles is active during forced inspiration?a. anterior serratus

b. levator costarum
c. external intercostals
d. rectus abdominus

A

a. anterior serratus
b. levator costarum
c. external intercostals

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5
Q

If the visceral pleural erodes and allows a region of the alveolar
space to communicate with the pleural space, what would happen to the functionalresidual capacity?
a. increased
b. decreased
c. unchanged

A

Decreased (collapsed lung)

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6
Q

Which of the following statements best describes hysteresis at the
onset of inspiration?
a. lung vol. changes at same rate as the pleural p. changes
b. lung vol. changes at a faster rate then the pleural p. changes
c. lung volume changes at a slower rate then the pleural P. changes
d. as the lung volume changes, pleural pressure remains constant

A

c. lung volume changes at a slower rate then the pleural P. changes

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7
Q

Which of the following is not a function of surfactant?

a. helps stabilize alveolar size
b. reduces surface tension
c. acts as a lubricant between pleura
d. offsets collapse pressure as radius decrease

A

c. acts as a lubricant between pleura

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8
Q

What acts as a lubricant between the pleura?

A

Pleural fluid

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9
Q

What effect will histamine binding to H1 receptors have on the airway smooth muscle?

a. constrict
b. dilatation
c. rupture
d. allergic response

A

a. constrict

1before 2, C before D

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10
Q

What effect will histamine binding to H2 receptors have on the airway smooth muscle?

a. constrict
b. dilatation
c. rupture
d. allergic response

A

b. dilatation

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11
Q 
Using a helium dilution method, the following data is obtained:     
   [He]initial= 5 ml/L 
   [He] final = 4 ml/L 
   initial spirometer volume = 10 L 
   TV= 500 ml 
    IRV = 3.0 L 
ERV = 1.5 L  
An adequate number of breaths were completed, and data was collected at theend of a normal expiration.  What is the total lung capacity? 
a.  4.0 L 
b.  5.0  L 
c.  5.5 L 
d.  6.0 L 
e.  undeterminable
A

d. 6.0 L

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12
Q

Most of the recoil tendency of the lung is due to which of the following?

a. elastic connective tissue
b. surfactant
c. negative pleural pressue
d. surface tension forces

A

d. surface tension forces

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13
Q

Which of the following is not a pathophysiologic consequence of hyperventilation?a. decreased coronary blood flow

b. decreased stroke volume
c. repolarization of the heart impaired
d. skeletal muscle spasm
e. decreased oxy-hemoglobin affinity

A

e. decreased oxy-hemoglobin affinity (increased)

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14
Q

What is the major effect of sympathetic stimulation on airway smooth muscle.

a. constrict, most of the effect is due to direct innervation
b. constrict, most of the effect is indirect via blood borne
c. dilate, most of the effect is due to direct innervation
d. dilate, most of the effect is indirect via blood borne

A

d. dilate, most of the effect is indirect via blood borne

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15
Q

Why is the left ventricular output slightly higher than the right ventricular output?

a. some bronchial artery blood drains into the azygous veins
b. some bronchial artery blood drains into the pulmonary veins
c. some pulmonary artery blood drains into the azygous veins
d. some pulmonary artery blood drains into the pulmonary veins

A

b. some bronchial artery blood drains into the pulmonary veins

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16
Q

Which of the following volumes or capacities cannot be determined withbasic spirometry? (Pick all correct answers)

a. residual volume
b. functional residual capacity
c. vital capacity
d. total lung capacity
e. inspiratory capacity

A

a. residual volume
b. functional residual capacity
d. total lung capacity

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17
Q

What local effect will Prostaglandin E series have on airway smooth muscle?

a. constriction
b. dilatation
c. rupture
d. no effect

A

b. dilatation

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18
Q

Which of the following has the greatest effect on constriction of the pre-capillary resistance vessels in the lung?

a. Sympathetic stimulation
b. Parasympathetic stimulation
c. high alveolar carbon dioxide
d. low alveolar oxygen
e. blood borne PGE

A

d. low alveolar oxygen

19
Q

b. decreases

A

Without surfactant, as alveolar radius increases, what happens to the collapsetendency of the lung?

a. increases
b. decreases
c. doesn’t change

20
Q

Rank the solubility of the following gases from greatest to least in aqueous fluid.

a. O2 > CO2 > N2
b. N2 > O2 > CO2
c. CO2 > O2 > N2
d. CO2 = O2 = N2

A

c. CO2 > O2 > N2

21
Q

During exercise in an upright position, flow throughout the lung is equal.

a. true
b. false

A

false

22
Q

Which of the following conditions would significantly increase total pulmonic blood volume?

a. mitral valve stenosis
b. tricuspid valve stenosis
c. patent ductus arteriosis
d. patent foramin ovale

A

a. mitral valve stenosis

23
Q

Which of the following conditions would increase system volume and lower pulmonary volume?

a. mitral valve stenosis
b. tricuspid valve stenosis
c. patent ductus arteriosis
d. patent foramin ovale

A

b. tricuspid valve stenosis

24
Q

Compared to atmospheric air, alveolar air has a higher concentration of which ofthe following? (Pick all correct responses)

a. nitrogen
b. oxygen
c. carbon dioxide
d. water vapor

A

c. carbon dioxide

d. water vapor

25
Q

Compared to atmospheric air, alveolar air has a lower concentration of which ofthe following? (Pick all correct responses)

a. nitrogen
b. oxygen
c. carbon dioxide
d. water vapor

A

a. nitrogen

b. oxygen

26
Q

What effect does stimulation of the SNS have on sensitivity of peripheralchemoreceptors to hypoxia?

a. increases
b. decreases
c. no effect

A

a. increases

27
Q

Which of the following statements about carbon monoxide is not true?

a. Pco of .6 mmHg can be lethal
b. A partial pressure of Pco = .4 can significantly decrease O2 transport
c. has a greater solubility in aqueous fluid compared to CO2
d. has a much greater affinity for hemoglobin compared to oxygen
e. the body produces very small quantities with physiologic effects

A

c. has a greater solubility in aqueous fluid compared to CO2

28
Q

If the ventilation/perfusion ratio increases above normal, which of the following conditions is true?

a. decrease in the amount of physiologic dead space
b. decrease in the amount of physiologic shunt blood
c. increase in the amount of physiologic dead space
d. increase in the amount of physiologic shunt blood

A

c. increase in the amount of physiologic dead space

29
Q

If the ventilation/perfusion ratio decreases below normal, which of the following conditions is true?

a. decrease in the amount of physiologic dead space
b. decrease in the amount of physiologic shunt blood
c. increase in the amount of physiologic dead space
d. increase in the amount of physiologic shunt blood

A

d. increase in the amount of physiologic shunt blood

30
Q

What happens to virtually all circulating prostaglandins in the blood as they passthrough the pulmonary capillaries?

a. they pass through intact
b. converted to prostaglandin E
c. converted to prostacyclin
d. they are inactivated/cleared
e. converted to arachodonic acid

A

d. they are inactivated/cleared

31
Q

What percentage of CO2 in the blood is carried in the form of the bicarbonate ion?

a. 7%
b. 23%
c. 50%
d. 70%

A

70%

32
Q

What percentage of CO2 in the blood is dissolved?

a. 7%
b. 23%
c. 50%
d. 70%

A

7%

33
Q

What percentage of CO2 in the blood is carried in hemoglobin?

a. 7%
b. 23%
c. 50%
d. 70%

A

23%

34
Q

Stimulation of stretch receptors in the lungs will have what effect on the dorsalrespiratory group?

a. stimulate
b. inhibit
c. no effect

A

b. inhibit

35
Q

Which of the following would cause more oxygen to be released fromhemoglobin? (Pick all correct responses)

a. decrease in local PO2
b. increase in PCO2
c. increase in pH
d. decrease in temperature
e. increase in 2,3 diphosphoglycerate

A

a. decrease in local PO2
b. increase in PCO2
e. increase in 2,3 diphosphoglycerate

36
Q

Most of the ventilatory response (70-80%) to a slight increase in CO2 levels is mediated by which of the following?

a. peripheral chemoreceptors in aortic and carotid bodies
b. central chemoreceptors in the brain stem
c. local chemoreceptors in the lung
d. all contribute equally to the increased ventilatory response
e. a slight increase in CO2 would not stimulate a ventilatory response

A

b. central chemoreceptors in the brain stem

37
Q

Some of the ventilatory response (20-30%) to a slight increase in CO2 levels is mediated by which of the following?

a. peripheral chemoreceptors in aortic and carotid bodies
b. central chemoreceptors in the brain stem
c. local chemoreceptors in the lung
d. all contribute equally to the increased ventilatory response
e. a slight increase in CO2 would not stimulate a ventilatory response

A

a. peripheral chemoreceptors in aortic and carotid bodies

38
Q

The basic ventilatory drive is set by neurons in which of the following areas?

a. ventral respiratory group
b. dorsal respiratory group
c. pneumotaxic center
d. apneustic center
e. spinal cord

A

b. dorsal respiratory group

39
Q

Normal inspiration is usually terminated by which of the following?a. dorsal respiratory group

b. apneustic center
c. ventral respiratory group
d. stretch receptors in the lung
e. pneumotaxic center

A

e. pneumotaxic center

40
Q

What is the most prevalent cause of respiratory depression?

a. edema
b. narcotics
c. anaphylactic shock
d. SNS +

A

b. narcotics

41
Q

Which of the following is not associated with chronic mountain sickness?

a. increased hematocrit
b. increased pulmonary arterial BP
c. enlarged right ventricle
d. increased total peripheral resistance

A

d. increased total peripheral resistance

42
Q

Stimulation of what receptors, would create a feeling of dyspnea?a. stretch receptors in the lung

b. irritant receptors in the airways
c. J receptors in the parenchyma
d. peripheral chemoreceptors

A

c. J receptors in the parenchyma

43
Q

Stimulation of what receptors, would create a cough?

a. stretch receptors in the lung
b. irritant receptors in the airways
c. J receptors in the parenchyma
d. peripheral chemoreceptors

A

b. irritant receptors in the airways

44
Q

In acute mountain sickness, the subject suffers deterioration of nervous systemfunction primarily due to which of the following?

a. hypercapnia
b. hypoxia
c. acidosis
d. alkalosis

A

b. hypoxia

45
Q

The negative pleural pressure generated to expand the lung and open the alveoli during the first breath is which of the following?

a. -1 to -2 cmH2O
b. -5 to – 7.5 cmH2O
c. -15 to -25 cmH2O
d. -40 to -60 cmH2O

A

d. -40 to -60 cmH2O

Cvp Other (5 decks)

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