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Cvp Other > Aaron Final > Flashcards

Aaron Final Flashcards

0
Q

Which of the following contracting muscles increases thoracic cage volume by liftingthe rib cage? (2)

a. external intercostals
b. internal intercostals
c. diaphragm
d. rectus abdominus

A

External intercostals, diaphragm

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1
Q

During a normal inspiration, what is happening to the pleural pressure?

a. becoming less negative
b. becoming more negative
c. becoming less positive
d. becoming more positive
e. stays constant

A

a. becoming less negative

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2
Q

During a normal ventilatory cycle when is the transpulmonary pressure at its peak?

a. at the end of inspiration
b. at the end of expiration
c. during inspiration
d. during expiration
e. it is constant throughout

A

a. at the end of inspiration

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3
Q

Which of the following muscles is active during forced expiration? a. diaphragm

b. anterior serratus
c. rectus abdominus
d. sternocleidomastoid

A

c. rectus abdominus

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4
Q

f the visceral pleural erodes and allows a region of the alveolar space to
communicate with the pleural space, what would happen to the functional residual capacity?
a. increased
b. decreased
c. unchanged

A

b. decreased

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5
Q

Which of the following is the major function of surfactant?

a. helps stabilize alveolar size
b. reduces surface tension
c. acts as a lubricant between pleura
d. offsets collapse pressure as radius decrease

A

b. reduces surface tension

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6
Q

Which of the following expiratory muscles is also an important stabilizer of thelumbar spine?

a. serratus posterior inferior
b. tranverse abdominus
c. tranverse thoracis
d. rectus abdominus

A

a. serratus posterior inferior

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7
Q

Normally what % of the your functional residual capacity is dead space?

a. less than 10%
b. about 25%
c. about 50%
d. greater than 90%

A

a. less than 10%

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8
Q

During hypoventilation, what would expect the ventilation perfusion ratio to be?

a. > .8
b. < .8
c. = .8

A

b. < .8

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9
Q

During hyperventilation, what would expect the ventilation perfusion ratio to be?

a. > .8
b. < .8
c. = .8

A

a. > .8

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10
Q

What is the effect of sympathetic stimulation on airway smooth muscle.

a. constrict, most of the effect is due to direct innervation
b. constrict, most of the effect is indirect via blood borne
c. dilate, most of the effect is due to direct innervation
d. dilate, most of the effect is indirect via blood borne

A

b. constrict, most of the effect is indirect via blood borne

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11
Q

How does surfactant help stabilize alveolar size?

a. by changing surface tension as alveolar radius changes
b. by stabilizing the alveolar epithelial surface
c. by preventing a water-air interface
d. by lubricating the pleural surfaces

A

a. by changing surface tension as alveolar radius changes

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12
Q

If all respiratory muscles are relaxed, the volume of air in the lungs is equal towhich of the following?

a. tidal volume
b. residual volume
c. functional residual capacity
d. expiratory reserve volume

A

c. functional residual capacity

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13
Q

What effect will histamine binding to H2 receptors have on the airway smooth muscle?

a. constrict
b. dilatation
c. rupture
d. allergic response

A

b. dilatation

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14
Q

What effect will histamine binding to H1 receptors have on the airway smooth muscle?

a. constrict
b. dilatation
c. rupture
d. allergic response

A

a. constrict

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15
Q

What local effect will Prostaglandin F 2 alpha have on airway smooth muscle?

a. constriction
b. dilatation
c. rupture
d. no effect

A

a. constriction

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16
Q

What local effect will Prostaglandin E series have on airway smooth muscle?

a. constriction
b. dilatation
c. rupture
d. no effect

A

b. dilatation

17
Q

Compared to dry atmospheric air, ALVEOLAR air has a higher concentration of whichof the following? (Pick all correct answers)

a. carbon dioxide
b. oxygen
c. water vapor
d. nitrogen

A

Carbon dioxide, water vapor

18
Q

The inspiratory capacity is equal to which of the following


a. TV + ERV

b. TV + RV

c. TV + IRV

d. ERV + RV

e. IRV + TV + ERV


A

c. TV + IRV

19
Q

The functional residual capacity is equal to which of the following


a. TV + ERV

b. TV + RV

c. TV + IRV

d. ERV + RV

e. IRV + TV + ERV

A

d. ERV + RV

20
Q

The vital capacity is equal to which of the following


a. TV + ERV

b. TV + RV

c. TV + IRV

d. ERV + RV

e. IRV + TV + ERV

A

e. IRV + TV + ERV

21
Q

Which of the following conditions would significantly increase total pulmonic blood volume?

a. mitral valve stenosis
b. tricuspid valve stenosis
c. patent ductus arteriosis
d. patent foramin ovale

A

a. mitral valve stenosis

22
Q

During exercise, flow near the apex of the lung is best described by which of thefollowing?

a. no flow
b. intermittent flow
c. continuous flow

A

c. continuous flow

23
Q

During rest, flow near the apex of the lung is best described by which of the following?

a. no flow
b. intermittent flow
c. continuous flow

A

b. intermittent flow

24
Q

During rest, flow near the base of the lung is best described by which of the following?

a. no flow
b. intermittent flow
c. continuous flow

A

c. continuous flow

25
Q

Which of the following gases is 20 X more soluble in aqueous fluid than oxygen?

a. nitrogen
b. helium
c. carbon monoxide
d. carbon dioxide

A

d. carbon dioxide

26
Q

Which of the following statements about carbon monoxide is not true?

a. Pco of .6 mmHg can be lethal
b. A partial pressure of Pco = .4 can significantly decrease O2 transport
c. competes with oxygen for binding sites on hemoglobin
d. has an equal affinity for hemoglobin compared to oxygen
e. is produced endogenously and can act as a vasodilator

A

d. has an equal affinity for hemoglobin compared to oxygen (250X more binding affinity)

27
Q

If the ventilation/perfusion ratio increases from .8 to 4.0, which of the following conditions are true?

a. decrease in the amount of physiologic dead space
b. decrease in the amount of physiologic shunt blood
c. increase in the amount of physiologic dead space
d. increase in the amount of physiologic shunt blood

A

c. increase in the amount of physiologic dead space

28
Q

If the ventilation/perfusion ratio decreases from .8 to .2, which of the followingconditions are true?

a. decrease in the amount of physiologic dead space
b. decrease in the amount of physiologic shunt blood
c. increase in the amount of physiologic dead space
d. increase in the amount of physiologic shunt blood

A

d. increase in the amount of physiologic shunt blood

29
Q

What happens to most of circulating prostaglandins in the blood as they passthrough the pulmonary capillaries?

a. inactivated
b. converted to prostaglandin E
c. converted to angiotensin II
d. converted to thromboxane A2
e. converted to angiotensinogen

A

a. inactivated

30
Q

As the % of carbohydrates utilized for energy increases, what happens to amount carbon dioxide produced in the cell for a given amount of oxygen utilized?

a. increased
b. decreased
c. remains constant

A

a. increased

31
Q

Which of the following would cause more oxygen to be released fromhemoglobin? (Pick all correct responses)

a. increase in local PO2
b. decrease in PCO2
c. decrease in pH
d. increase in temperature
e. increase in 2,3 diphosphoglycerate

A

c. decrease in pH
d. increase in temperature
e. increase in 2,3 diphosphoglycerate

32
Q

Most of the ventilatory response to a slight increase in CO2 levels is mediated by which of the following?

a. peripheral chemoreceptors in aortic and carotid bodies
b. central chemoreceptors in the brain stem
c. local chemoreceptors in the lung
d. all contribute equally to the increased ventilatory response
e. a slight increase in CO2 would not stimulate a ventilatory response

A

b. central chemoreceptors in the brain stem

33
Q

The basic ventilatory drive is set by neurons in which of the following areas?

a. ventral respiratory group
b. dorsal respiratory group
c. pneumotaxic center
d. apneustic center
e. spinal cord

A

b. dorsal respiratory group

34
Q

Normal inspiration is usually terminated by which of the following? a. dorsal respiratory group

b. apneustic center
c. ventral respiratory group
d. stretch receptors in the lung
e. pneumotaxic center

A

e. pneumotaxic center

35
Q

The most prevalent cause of respiratory depression is which of the following?

a. hypoxia
b. hypercapnia
c. air pollution
d. narcotics

A

d. narcotics (Anasthesia)

36
Q

Which of the following is not associated with chronic mountain sickness?

a. increased hematocrit
b. increased pulmonary arterial BP
c. enlarged right ventricle
d. increased total peripheral resistance

A

d. increased total peripheral resistance (decreased)

37
Q

What receptors when stimulated create a feeling of dyspnea?

a. J-receptors in alveoli near pulmonary capillaries
b. stretch receptors in the airway smooth muscle
c. type II alveolar epithelial receptors
d. beta receptors in the airway smooth muscle

A

a. J-receptors in alveoli near pulmonary capillaries

38
Q

Inhibitory NANC nerves release what substances that promote dilation of airway smooth muscle? (Pick all correct responses)

a. vasoactive intestinal peptide
b. acetylcholine
c. norepinephrine
d. nitric oxide

A

a. vasoactive intestinal peptide

d. nitric oxide

39
Q

After exercise, oxygen debt can reach 11.5 liters. The majority of the oxygen debt is which of the following?

a. alactacid oxygen debt
b. lactic acid oxygen debt
c. phosphagen oxygen debt
d. equally split among a and b

A

b. lactic acid oxygen debt (8.0 liters)

A. Alactacid oxygen debt (3.5 liters)

Cvp Other (5 decks)

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