Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych 100B > W22 Personality > Flashcards

W22 Personality Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What is heterotypic stability?

A

Heterotypic stability refers to the differences in personality characteristics across development.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is homotypic stability?

A

Homotypic stability concerns the amount of similarity in the same observable personality characteristics across time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is absolute stability?

A

Absolute stability refers to the consistency of the level of a personality attribute across time.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is differential stability?

A

Differential stability refers to the degree to which people experience more or less change relative to one another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the evidence concerning the absolute and differential stability of personality attributes across the lifespan?

A

Personality attributes show increased stability with age and experience, which is the result of the interplay between an individual and their environment.

Traits that lead to positive outcomes like extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness increase with age whereas traits that lead to negative outcomes like neuroticism decrease with age- openness too but more after mid-life.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Explain person-environment transactions

A

Person-environment transactions are the interplay between individuals and their contextual circumstances that ends up shaping both personality and environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain the difference between active, reactive and evocative person-environment transactions.

A

Active person-enviornment transactions occur when individuals seek out certain environments and experiences consistent with their personality characteristics. For example, public speaking for an extravert.

Reactive person-environment transactions occur when individuals react differently to the same objective situation because of their personalities. For example, a large social gathering is going to represent a psychologically different context to a highly extravert compared to a highly introverted person.

Evocative person-environment transactions occur whenever individuals draw out or evoke certain kinds of responses from their social environments because of their attributes. For example, a warm and secure individual invites different kind of responses from peers than a cold and aloof individual.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Identify the four processes that promote personality stability

A

ASMA

Attraction, Selection, Manipulation and Attrition.

Attraction- individuals are attracted to environments because of their personality.

Selection- gatekeepers will select you because of your personality type.

Manipulate- individuals are changing their environment to match their personality

Attrition- dropping out of an environment because your personality type does not correspond.

Sometimes referred to as ASTMA with T being Transformation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the mechanisms behind personality transformation?

A

Producing change simply involves doing more patterns of behavior that have positive consequences (pleasure) over behaviors that produce negative consequences (pain).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is cumulative continuity principle?

A

The generalization that personality attributes show increasing stability with age and experience.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is corresponsive principle?

A

Personality traits are matched with environmental conditions such that social contexts act to reinforce their personality attributes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the high and low ends of the big five personality traits:

A

OCEAN:
O-Openness

High end: unconventionality

Low end: conventionality

C-Conscientiousness

High end: Conscientiousness

Low end: Disinhibition

E-Extraversion

High end: Extraversion

Low end: Introversion

A-Agreeableness

High end: agreeableness

Low end: antagonism

N-Neuroticism

High end: Emotional instability

Low end: Emotional instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the different methods used to measure personality characteristics?

A

Self-report and informant report.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does the facet approach extend broad personality traits?

A

The facet approach is a more specific description of someone’s personality and allows us to better predict how someone will do in a variety of different jobs (e.g. public speaking jobs vs one on one interactions).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the criteria that characterize personality traits?

A

consistency, stability and individual differences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How do traits and social learning combine to predict social activities?

A

As personality traits describe repeated behavior and learning about other people’s repeated behavior will make you characterize your actions based on your knowledge of each trait.

11
Q

What are the big five OCEAN personality traits?

A

O-Openness means the tendency to appreciate new ideas, values, feelings and behaviors.

C-Conscientiousness: The tendency to be careful, on-time for appointments, to follow rules, and to be hardworking.

E-Extraversion: The tendency to be talkative, sociable, and to enjoy others.

A-Agreeableness: The tendency to agree and go along with others rather than to assert one’s own opinion and choices.

N-Neuroticism: The tendency to frequently experience negative emotions such as anger, worry and sadness and interpersonal sensitiveness.

11
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of self-report?

A

The advantage of a self-report is that people know themselves best.

The disadvantage of a self-report is that people will be biased in rating higher in positive viewed characteristics and lower in negative viewed characteristics.

11
Q

Explain the critique of the personality-trait concept (the person-situation debate)

A

The general argument being that personality traits give an indication about how people will act on average, but frequently they are not so good at predicting how a person will act in a specific situation at a certain moment in time. This is because specific behaviors are driven by psychologically meaningful features of the situation in which people find themselves in.

11
Q

Describe in what ways personality traits may be manifested in everyday behavior

A

Personality traits describe stable patterns of behavior that persist for long periods of time, each behavior is tested in different situations.

11
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of informant-report?

A

The advantage of an informant-report is that it will not be biased.

The disadvantage of an informant report is that they have limited information about you.

11
Q

What are behavioral measures of personality measurement and why is it effective and ineffective?

A

Inferring personality characteristics from samples of behavior. There would be two people in a room to conversate, then analyzed from their personality characteristics shown in the interaction. This is effective as it is a natural way of sampling from the environment- objective measurement. However, the actions studied are idiosyncratic to the events previously occurred like level of stress, quality of sleep, etc.

11
Q

What do projective tests require you to do and give examples:

A

Projective tests require a person to give answers to an ambiguous stimulus (i.e. The Rorschach Inkblot Test)

11
Q

What is the theory behind projective tests?

A

If a person is asked to describe or interpret ambiguous stimuli- that is things that can be understood in several different ways- their responses will be influenced by unconscious needs, feelings and experiences.

12
Q

Describe a theory of how personality traits get refined by social learning:

A

Social learning allows people to alter their actions based on the definitions of characteristics they want to be described by.

13
Q

What is the honey-moon effect?

A

The tendency for newlyweds to rate their spouses unrealistically positive.

14
Q

What is the sibling contrast effect?

A

The tendency of parents to use their perceptions of all their children as a frame of reference for rating their characteristics of them.

15
Q

What is the reference group effect?

A

The tendency of people to base their self-concept on comparisons with others.

15
Q

What is the self-enhancement bias?

A

The tendency for people to see and/or present themselves in an overly favorable way.

Psych 100B (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions