W20 Psychopathy II Flashcards
What is a mood disorder?
A mood disorder is a constellation of symptoms that cause people significant distress or impairs their everyday functioning.
What is a Major Depressive Episode (MDE) and the symptoms?
A major depressive episode (MDE) refers to symptoms that cooccur for at least two weeks and cause significant distress and impairment in functioning. Symptoms include feeling depressed or anhedonia.
What are the criteria for MDE?
Criteria for MDE require 5 or more of the 9 symptoms:
Depressed mood
Anhedonia- Diminished interest or pleasure in almost all activities
Significant weight loss, gain or an increase, decrease in appetite
Insomnia or hypersomnia
Psychomotor agitation or retardation
Fatigue or loss of energy
Hopelessness
Diminished ability to concentrate- indecisiveness
Recurrent thoughts of death, suicide or suicide attempt
Critereon for manic or hypomanic episodes
Manic or hypomanic episodes have a core criterion of having a distinct period of abnormally and persistently euphoric, expansive or irritable mood and persistently increased goal-directed activity or energy.
How can you distinguish between manic and hypomanic episodes?
Duration and level of impairment. Hypomania is four days or longer and does not significant impact functioning and mania is a week or longer and significantly impairs functioning.
Criteria for manic episodes
Inflated self-esteem or grandiosity
Increased goal-directed activity
Psychomotor agitation
Reduced need for sleep
Racing thoughts or flight of ideas
Distractibility
Increased talkativeness
Excessive involvement in risky behavior
What are the types of unipolar mood disorders?
2 major types of unipolar disorders are major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder.
What are the criteria for Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?
MDD is defined by one or more MDEs, but no history of manic or hypomanic episodes.
What are the criteria for Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)?
Criteria for PDD are feeling depressed most of the day for more days than not, for at least 2 years.
What classifies each of the bipolar disorders?
Bipolar disorder 1: A single or recurrent manic episode and depressive episodes.
Bipolar disorder 2: A single or recurrent hypomanic episode and depressive episodes.
Cyclothymic disorder is characterized by numerous and alternating periods of hypomania and depression, lasting two years.
What are treatments for depressive disorders?
Antidepressants:
MAOI
Tricylics
Selective reuptake inhibitors:
SSRIs block the reabsorption of serotonin
SNRIs block the reabsorption of serotonin and norepinephrine
Less harmful and the primary choice of treatment:
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) involves inducing a seizure after a patient takes muscle relaxants and is under general anesthesia.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is where brief pulsating magnetic fields are delivered to the cortex, inducing electrical activity.
What are the treatments for bipolar disorders?
Lithium is the primary treatment choice: Reduction of dopamine and glutamate and increases GABA neurotransmitters.
Psychomotor retardation
A slowing down of thought and physical movements.
Psychomotor agitation
Increased motor activity associated with restlessness (fidgeting, pacing, feet tapping)
What is Social Zeitgeber?
External cues that alter someone’s biological rhythms like sleep cycle, eating patterns and other daily routines.
