W14 Social and emotional development

Question 1

What are the different attachment styles?

Answer 1

Secure, ambivalent, avoidant

Question 2

What do each of the attachment styles mean?

Answer 2

Secure: seeks parents as safe base, caused by loving and responsive caregiver.
Ambivalent: Amplify negative affect in attempt to elicit care, caused by inconsistent/unpredictable caregiver
Avoidant: Avoids caregivers when distressed, hides negative affect caused by rejecting or ignoring from caregivers.

Question 2

What is the visual cliff?

Answer 2

An experiment where an infant refers to caregivers’ response in the face of uncertainty to react.

Question 2

What is the theory of mind?

Answer 2

The theory of mind is defined as understanding the thoughts, feelings, desires and emotions of other people.

Question 2

What is the strange situation experiment?

Answer 2

A laboratory task that involves briefly separating and reuniting infants and their primary caregivers as a way of studying individual differences in attachment behavior.

Question 2

What is Bowlbys attachment theory?

Answer 2

Leads towards a probable outcome-proximity
Meets survival/physical needs-protection

Question 2

Measuring personality and social development

Answer 2

Social context, biological motivation and developing a sense of self

Question 2

What is the family stress model?

Answer 2

The negative effects of family financial difficulty from economic stress.

Question 2

Why is social acceptance important?

Answer 2

Being accepted by peers is important for affirmation and self-esteem (e.g. a child who is rejected by peers is likely to be isolated and have low self-esteem)

Question 3

Why is theory of mind significant?

Answer 3

Inferring the mental states of others
Important for goal detection, imitation, empathy, perspective-taking
Determines one’s response

Question 4

Intrapersonal in the context of emotions

Answer 4

Emotions within oneself

Question 4

Interpersonal in the context of emotions

Answer 4

Effects on others’ emotions on us

Question 5

What are emotions simply?

Answer 5

Emotions are rapid information-processing systems that help us act with minimal thinking- they prepare the body for immediate action.

Question 6

What are the different parenting styles?

Answer 6

Authoritarian: affectionless, punitive
Authoritative: high freedom, consistent boundaries
Uninvolved: neglectful, disinterested
Permissive: lots of freedom, few demand.

Question 7

What is the anxious-avoidant trap?

Answer 7

The destructive, no-win cycle, between the anxious, relationship seeking partner and he avoidant, connection-closed off partner.

Question 8

What is the link between attachment styles of infants and adults?

Answer 8

Infant attachment style and adult attachment style has a correlation but can change across development.

Question 9

What are the different adult attachments?

Answer 9

Secure: comfortable with intimacy.
Anxious preoccupied: uneasy and vigilant toward any threat to the relationship; needy and jealousy.
Dismissive avoidant: self-reliant and uninterested in intimacy; indifferent and independent.
Fearful avoidant: Fearful of rejection and mistrustful of others; suspicious and shy.

Question 10

What is the ‘safe base’ for adults?

Answer 10

Romantic partners/ peers as source of comfort.

Question 11

What did the Harlow’s Monkey experiment reveal?

Answer 11

Infants are attached to their primary caregivers because of contact comfort more than knowing they provide necessary needs.