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@PhySci 107 > W2: CNS, Meninges, Cerebral Cortex > Flashcards

W2: CNS, Meninges, Cerebral Cortex Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the Neural Plate

A

Notochord inducing the ectoderm to thicken in the dorsal midline.

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2
Q

Neural Folds

A

Edges of the neural plate that fold toward each other.

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3
Q

Neural Tube

A

Created when the neural folds meet dorsally.

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4
Q

Ventricle

A

Central cavity of the neural tube.

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5
Q

What are the 3 zones that compose the neural tube?

A

1) Ventricular Zone
2) Intermediate Zone
3) Marginal Zone

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6
Q

Ventricular Zone of neural tube

A

Site where mitosis occurs.

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7
Q

Intermediate Zone of neural tube

A

Where postmitotic cells form gray matter.

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8
Q

Marginal Zone of neural tube

A

Location of axonal pathways that will form future white matter.

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9
Q

Dorsal Root Ganglion

A

Derived from the neural crest

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10
Q

Primary Brain Vesicles

A

1) Forebrain (Prosencephalon)
2) Midbrain (Mesencephalon)
3) Hindbrain (Phombencephalon)

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11
Q

Secondary Brain Vesicles

A

1) Telencephalon
2) Diencephalon
3) Midbrain - Mesencephalon
4) Pons/Cerebellum - Metencephalon
5) Medulla - Myelencephalon

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12
Q

Adult Brain Structures

A

1) Cerebrum
2) Diencephalon (Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus)
3) Midbrain (Brainstem)
4) Pons (Brainstem)
5) Cerebellum
6) Medulla (Brainstem)
7) Spinal Cord

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13
Q

Adult Neural Canal Regions

A

1) Lateral ventricles
2) Third ventricle
3) Cerebral aqeuduct
4) Fourth ventricle
5) Central Canal

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14
Q

encephalon

A

“related to the brain”

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15
Q

What adult brain structures does the Prosencephalon grow into?

A

1) Cerebrum
2) Diencephalon (Thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus)
3) Laterval Ventricle
4) Third Ventricle

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16
Q

What adult brain structures does the Mesencephalon grow into?

A

1) Midbrain

2) Cerebral aqueduct

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17
Q

What adult brain structures does the Phombencephalon grow into?

A

1) Pons
2) Cerebellum
3) Medulla
4) Fourth Ventricle

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18
Q

Meninges

A 
Location:
 3 connective tissue membranes that surround the outside of the CNS.
Made of: 
3 layers of connective tissue 
1) Dura Mater 
2) Arachnoid Mater 
3) Pia Mater
Function: 
1) cover & protect CNS
2) contain blood vessels for the CNS
3) acts as veins and drains cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
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19
Q

Dura Mater

A

“Tough Mother”
Location: Outer most layer of the meninges
Made of: dense fibrous connective tissue
Function: protective covering around CNS

20
Q

Arachnoid Mater

A

“Spider Mother”
Location: Just deep to the dura mater. Creates the subdural space and the subarachnoid space
Made of: fine and elastic tissue and large blood vessels.
Function: Protect the CNS.

21
Q

Pia Mater

A

“Small mother”
Location: inner most layer of meninges attached directly to the surface of the brain.
Made of: delicate connective tissue richly vascularized with fine blood vessels.
Function: Anchor for meninges and protective layer around CNS.

22
Q

Ventricles

A

Line the inside of the CNS

23
Q

Ventricular System

A

Location: inside lining of CNS
Made of: a series of canals (lateral ventricles, interventricular foramen, third ventricle, cerebral aqueduct, fourth ventricle central canal of spinal cord)
Function: To drain CSF from the brain.

24
Q

Flow of CSF in CNS

A

Fluid made by choroid plexus
Lateral ventricle > interaventricular foramen > 3rd ventricle > cerebral aqueduct > 4th ventricle > subarachnoid/arachnoid villi/superior sagittal sinus…

25
Q

CSF

A

Cerebral Spinal Fluid
Location:produced in the choroid plexus running along the meninges in the lateral, 3rd, and 4th ventricles
Made of: filtered blood plasma
Function: forms liquid cushion/support around the brain within skull.

26
Q

Hydrocephalus

A

Increased intracranial pressure caused by blockage in the ventricular system.

27
Q

How many functional layers are there in the cerebral cortex?

A

6 Layers of Gray Matter

28
Q

Where are pyramidal neurons located in the cerebral cortex?

A

layers III & V

29
Q

Where are the interneurons located in the cerebral cortex?

A

layers II, IV, & VI

30
Q

Where do efferent neurons (pyramidal neurons) in the cerebral cortex project to?

A

1) Spinal cord (Corticospinal)
2) Brainstem (Corticobulbar)
3) Other side of the cortex (Corticocortical)

31
Q

What are the afferent axon projections to the cerebral cortex?

A

1) from the other cortical structures
2) from the thalamus
3) from the basal forebrain nuclei

32
Q

Functions of the Frontal Lobe:

A

1) Prefrontal/primary/secondary (premotor) motor cortex

2) Broca’s area - speech

33
Q

Functions of the Parietal Lobe:

A

1) Primary/secondary somatosensory areas

2) Wernicke’s area - speech

34
Q

Functions of the Occipital Lobe:

A

1) Primary/secondary visual processing

35
Q

Functions of the Temporal Lobe:

A

1) Primary/secondary auditory processing

2) Rest of Wernicke’s area

36
Q

What structures make up the motor cortex?

A

1) Corticospinal Tract

2) Motor homunculus

37
Q

Corticospinal Tract

A

Location:
Made of:
Function:

38
Q

Motor homunculus

A

Representation of body parts, where parts are represented in corresponding parts of the brain. Size corresponds to number of neurons.

39
Q

Somatotopy

A

representation of parts of the body in corresponding parts of the brain

40
Q

What structures make up the somatosensory cortex?

A

1) somatic sense

2) sensory homunculus

41
Q

Somatic senses

A

Pain, touch, temperature, pressure, vibration and proprioception

42
Q

Visual Cortex

A

1) primary visual cortex around calcraine fissure

2) Secondary visual cortex is an integrative area

43
Q

Auditory Cortex

A

1) Wernicke’s area = receptive speech

2) Broca’s area = expressive speech area

44
Q

Cerebral Cortical Connections

A

1) Projection Axons
2) Commissural Axons
3) Association Axons

45
Q

Which cerebral cortical connections are corticocortical projections?

A

1) Commissural axons

2) Association axons

@PhySci 107 (8 decks)

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