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@PhySci 107 > W1: Embryology > Flashcards

W1: Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Ooccyte

A

A haploid cell, containing only one copy of each chromosome. It develops in the ovary and remains viable in the Fallopian tube for 12 hrs (1/2) day. Site of implantation = Uterus

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2
Q

Zona Pellucida

A

Thick extracellular matrix that surrounds the oocyte. Made of plasma membrane.

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3
Q

Corona Radiata

A

Additional layers of cells that surround the oocyte (in addition to the zona pellucida).

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4
Q

Zygote

A

Fertilized oocyte (by sperm). The nuclear fusion of 2 haploid cells into one diploid cell.

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5
Q

Totipotent

A

Having the ability to give rise to all different cell types needed to make a human. Having “total potential”.

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6
Q

Cleavage

A

A series of mitotic divisions by which the enormous volume of egg cytoplasm is divided into smaller cells.

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7
Q

Blastomeres

A

Cells formed by cleavage.

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8
Q

Morula

A

16-32 cell stage of zygote. A solid sphere of connected cells made of internal (embryo) and external cells (placentia).

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9
Q

Compacted Morula

A

When the embryo differentiates into external and internal cells - each having different fates.

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10
Q

Trophoblasts

A

External cells of the morula that will become the placenta.

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11
Q

Blastocyst Cavity

A

The middle of the morula which fills iwth fluid from dividing trophoblasts.

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12
Q

Inner Cell Mass

A

Internal compacted cells of the Blastocyst.

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13
Q

Blastocyst

A

A morula with a central cavity filled with fluid. (Day 4 - 6- cells)

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14
Q

Implantation

A

FIll

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15
Q

What changes must occur in the zygote for fertilization to lead to development?

A

1) Meiosis II
2) Protein synthesis stimulated
3) Cytoplasm segregates to create polarity
4) DNA replication begins

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16
Q

What is placenta derived from?

A

1) embryonic trophoblast

2) maternal endometrial cells

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17
Q

Syncytium

A

Multinucleated mass that invades the uterine lining.

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18
Q

What two layers do trophoblast cells proliferate into?

A

1) a layer that maintains cellular membranes around the embryo
2) syncytium

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19
Q

Bilaminar Disc

A

2 sheets of cells derived from the inner cell mass of a morula form the 1) epiblast 2) hypoblast

20
Q

What does the epiblast of the bilaminar disc form?

A

epiblast (upper germ layer) > amniotic sac

21
Q

What does the hypoblast of the bilaminar disc form?

A

hypoblast (lower germ layer) > yolk sac

22
Q

Amniotic Sac

A

Filled with amniotic fluid that protects the embryo from physical injury

23
Q

Yolk Sac

A

Not an important food source

24
Q

Gastrulation

A

Process of the epiblast (of the bilaminar disc) turning into the 3 lipid bilayers.

25
Q

Primitive Streak

A

Raised groove that forms in the dorsal side of the epiblast that initiates gastrulation.

26
Q

Primitive Node

A

The end of the primitive streak.

27
Q

Mesoderm Formation

A

Changing from 2 to 3 layered disc.
Epiblast cells move inward at the primitive streak. Initially displacing the hypoblast to form the endoderm and then the mesoderm.

28
Q

Ectoderm

A

Skin

29
Q

Endoderm

A

Digestive & respiratory

30
Q

Mesoderm

A

Muscle & bone

31
Q

Notochord

A

1) Defines the body axis or midline, dividing right from left
2) Induces the formation of the nervous system

32
Q

Neurulation

A

Events by which the notochord induces ectoderm cells to form the nervous system.

1) Ectoderm in dorsal midline thickens = neural plate
2) Edges of neural plate fold towards each other = neural folds
3) Neural folds meet dorsally and overly the ectoderm = neural tube

33
Q

Neural Tube

A

CNS

34
Q

Neural Crest

A

PNS

35
Q

Epidermis

A

Skin covering spine

36
Q

Spinal bifida

A

If closure of the neural tube is incomplete caudally.

37
Q

Mesoderm derivatives

A

1) notochord
2) somites
3) intermediate mesoderm
4) lateral mesoderm

38
Q

Transverse mesoderm differentiation:

A

Somites > sclerotome

lateral mesoderm > somatic and splanchnic portions

39
Q

Gut tube

A

The majority of the yolk sac that folds inside of the embryo.

40
Q

What are the 3 parts that somites divide into?

A

1) sclerotome > verberal column and ribs
2) myotome > limb and trunk muscles
3) dermatome > dermis

41
Q

What does the intermediate mesoderm give rise to?

A

kidneys & gonads

42
Q

What does the lateral mesoderm give rise to?

A

1) Splanchnic (visceral) mesoderm > membranes of viscera, heart, blood vessels
2) somatic (body) mesoderm > membranes that line the body cavity, coelom

43
Q

Foregut

A 
Lung buds
Mouth
pharynx
esophagus
stomach
part of small intestine
44
Q

Midgut

A

part of small intestine

2/3 of large intestine

45
Q

Hindgut

A

large intestine
rectum
urogenital system

@PhySci 107 (8 decks)

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