W1: Anatomy Lab 1 Flashcards
Soma
Neuron cell body
Nucleus
Prominent structure of the soma containing the nucleolus.
Mitochondria
Chief energy source for the neuron (circulates glucose and oxygen).
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum / Golgi Apparatus
Synthesize and package protein.
Plasma Membrane
Lipid bilayer as in other cells. Plays a critical role in controlling ion flow into and out of neuron.
Axon
Information transmitter.
Axon Hillock
initial segment of the axon that tapers from the cell body.
Myelin Sheath
Glial cell wrapping around the axon (insulator).
Node of Ranvier
Area that exists between myelin sheaths.
Terminal Bouton
The end of the axon (pre-synaptic terminal). Contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles.
Diameter of Dendrites
Proximal dendrites taper from the soma, and are thicker than axons. Distal dendrites become thinner as they branch.
Dendritic Spines
Thorn-like projections that extand from the dendritic shaft.
Superior
Above
Inferior
Below
Rostral
Toward the head.
Caudal
Toward the tail.
Anterior
Front
Posterior
Back
Ventral
Towards the belly.
Dorsal
Towards the back.
Medial
Towards the midline.
Lateral
Away from the midline.
Proximal
Closer to trunk.
Distal
Away from trunk.
