W1L1: DNA, RNA, and Protein Structure & Function

Question 1

Proteins

Answer 1

polymers made from amino acids (usually more than 100); 3D shape and function determined by aa sequence

Question 2

Amino Acids

Answer 2

primarily made up of CHON, alpha C with amino group (H3N+), carboxyl group (COO-), H, and variable R group

Question 3

Polypeptides

Answer 3

linear polymers of aa’s

Question 4

Peptides

Answer 4

usually contain less than 20-30 aa’s

Question 5

Hydrophobic Side Chains

Answer 5

low propensity to be in contact with water

Question 6

Polar/Charged Side Chains

Answer 6

energetically favorable to be in contact with water

Question 7

Condensation Reaction

Answer 7

forms peptide bonds between aa’s; covalent bond between C and N; water is released

Question 8

Disulfide Bonds

Answer 8

Occur between two cysteines in a protein, between the sulfurs but one in an oxidizing environment; increases stability of a protein

Question 9

George Mendel

Answer 9

1865, physical traits are inherited; each trait has two genetic factors

Question 10

Sutton and Morgan

Answer 10

Genetic factors are carried by chromosomes

Question 11

Griffith Experiment

Answer 11

1920s; rough vs smooth bacteria; heat killed smooth bacteria could transform rough bacteria

Question 12

Avery, McLeod, and McCarty

Answer 12

1944; determine the transforming factor of Griffith’s experiment; treated with DNase, no transformation occurs; DNA from S bacteria is transforming agent; still question if genetic material because of histones (proteins) with the DNA

Question 13

Hershey and Chase Experiment

Answer 13

1950’s Bacteriophage T2; marked proteins and DNA radioactive separately, and determined which was found

Question 14

Ultracentrifuge

Answer 14

centrifuge that spins at very high speeds allowing separation of bacteria and phage