W0: Intro to Molecular Biology

Question 1

Prokaryotic Cell

Answer 1

no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles; ex. bacteria

Question 2

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 2

nucleus, membrane bound organelles; ex. animals

Question 3

Nucleotide

Answer 3

building block of DNA and RNA; phosphate, sugar, and nitrogenous base

Question 4

Ribose

Answer 4

sugar found in RNA; has OH at 2’ carbon

Question 5

Deoxyribose

Answer 5

sugar found in DNA; has H at 2’ carbon

Question 6

Pyrimidine

Answer 6

smaller nitrogenous base; C, T, and U

Question 7

Purines

Answer 7

larger nitrogenous base; G and A

Question 8

Bonds stabilizing DNA

Answer 8

hydrophobic effect, pi bond stacking, covalent (phosphodiester) bonds, hydrogen bonds

Question 9

Major Groove

Answer 9

opening where proteins attach to DNA, because it has more information to distinguish between base pairs

Question 10

Chromatin

Answer 10

a complex consisting of DNA and proteins, which makes up chromosomes

Question 11

Nucleosome

Answer 11

made up of 8 histone proteins, plus 160 bp of DNA wrapped around protein core twice

Question 12

Mitotic Phase

Answer 12

chromatin is condensed and looks like a chromosome because it needs to be separated

Question 13

RNA vs DNA

Answer 13

U instead of T; ribose instead of deoxyribose; single stranded; can fold into different conformations; less stable in alkali; can interact with itself (tRNA); can form non-canonical base pairs

Question 14

mRNA

Answer 14

carrier of DNA info; template for protein synthesis; short life span; 1% of RNA

Question 15

tRNA

Answer 15

decodes mRNA; each specific for single amino acid; cloverleaf shape; 10% of RNA

Question 16

rRNA

Answer 16

part of ribosome; catalytic activity (ribozyme); 85%