W10 - Speech Sound Disorders Flashcards
What is an articulation impairment?
(Sub Group #1)
(Bowen, 2015 / Dodd’s Differential Diagnosis Sub-Types)
An impairment is made at the phonetic level.
can be caused by a structural difference, such as cleft palate or a malocclusion,
or
can be caused by mis-learning - replacing one or more sounds with a non-native speech sound.
What is a phonological delay?
(Sub Group #2)
(Bowen, 2015 / Dodd’s Differential Diagnosis Sub-Types)
A child using phonological processes 6m+ after they would normally have disappeared, but are still following the pattern of typical development
What is a consistent phonological disorder?
(Sub Group #3)
(Bowen, 2015 / Dodd’s Differential Diagnosis Sub-Types)
The child does not follow a typical pattern of speech development.
Their speech features idiosyncratic/atypical processes, but the use of these is consistent. e.g. an omission/substitution will always be the same.
The processes could be backing or glottal stops, or be completely individual to the child.
The child will use a mixture of typical and atypical/idiosyncratic phonological processes.
What is an inconsistent phonological disorder?
(Sub Group #4)
(Bowen, 2015 / Dodd’s Differential Diagnosis Sub-Types)
Patterns within the child’s speech are hard to identify. Words are produced inconsistently - omissions/substitutions vary.
Variable word production must be >40%, identified through an inconsistency test such as the one making up a section of the DEAP
What is childhood apraxia of speech?
(Sub Group #5)
(Bowen, 2015 / Dodd’s Differential Diagnosis Sub-Types)
Children have difficulty with the motor planning of, programming and execturing talk.
They speak better spontaneously rather than when they are imitating a model.
Their prosody and fluency may be affected.
Oromotor/feeding difficulties may be present.
What are speech sound processes?
Speech sound processes describe typical patterns of simplification within the speech of children.
What is context sensitive voicing?
Context sensitive voicing:
A voiceless sound being replaced by a voiced sound.
e.g: p > b, k > g
Approximate age of elimination: 3’0
What is word-final devoicing?
Word-final devoicing:
A final voiced sound being replaced by a voiceless sound.
e.g: g > k
Approximate age of elimination: 3’0
What is final consonant deletion?
Final consonant deletion:
The omission of the final sound in a word
e.g: [haʊs] > [haʊ]
Approximate age of elimination: 3’3
What is velar fronting?
Velar fronting:
Replacing a velar plosive with an alveolar stop, or a velar nasal with an alveolar nasal
e.g. [kɪs] > [tɪs], [gɪv] > [dɪv], [wɪŋ] > [wɪn]
Approximate age of elimination: 3’6
What is palatal fronting?
Palatal fronting:
Replacing a postalveolar ([ʃ, ʒ]) with an alveolar fricative ([s, z])
e.g. [ʃɪp] > [sɪp]
Approximate age of elimination: 3’9
What is consonant harmony?
Consonant harmony:
When the pronunciation of a word is influenced by one of its sounds
e.g. [dɒg] > [gɒg]
Approximate age of elimination: 4’0
What is weak syllable deletion?
Weak syllable deletion:
Omitting a syllable from a word.
e.g. [ægen] > [gen]
Approximate age of elimination: 4’0
What is cluster reduction?
Cluster reduction:
The omission of part of a consonant cluster.
e.g. [bluː], [buː], [stɒp] > [sɒp]
Approximate age of elimination: 4’0
What is gliding?
Gliding:
Replacing alveolar approximants with [j or w]
e.g. [leg] > [jeg], [rɪəl] > [wɪəl]
Approximate age of elimination: 5’0
