W10 - Motivation Flashcards
What is motivation?
thoughts and feelings that motivate action or behaviour
What is self-determination theory?
is an empirically based, organismic theory of human behaviour and personality development
- theory only adapted if strong enough evidence
- organismic means referring to humans as organisms that need certain things to grow
What are the mini theories within SDT?
- cognitive evaluation theory
- organismic integration theory
- causality orientation theory
- basic psychological needs theory
- goal contents theory
- relationships motivation theory
What is cognitive evaluation theory?
A theory dealing with the effect of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation. It assumes that intrinsically motivated behaviour is affected by a person’s innate need to feel competent and self-determining in dealing with the environment.
what is organismic integration theory?
suggests not all behaviours come from within, some are extrinsic, meaning externally motivated
What is causalty orientation theory?
same principles as intrinsic and extrinsic motivation but at a personality level
- looked at the influence others had on them
what is the basic psychological needs theory?
- all other theories are loosely based on this one as it ties all of them together
- positive relationship between satisfaction of the three basic psychological needs (autonomy, competence, and relatedness)
Goal content theory?
- focus on what you’re chasing in life - wealth, growth, health etc
relationships motivation theory?
all other concepts linked but applies them to relationships
The birth of SDT - soma puzzle research…
- Given somas puzzles to do and practice with - originally the motivation for doing it Is intrinsic but then they are offered money making motivation extrinsic
- they spent more time on the puzzle when the motivation was extrinsic
What affects does performance related pay have on behaviour?
in a game
- objectification of opponent
- resentment towards the referee
- anti-social behaviour during games
- these are the negative effects of extrinsic motivation
Cognitive evaluation theory 2
- ideas about humans doing things because we want to, or we enjoy something and want to learn especially as young children
- but as beget older, society puts pressures on us to d things for other reasons
Relationship between competition and motivation
- winning and losing affects your intrinsic motivation to continue
- e.g. win more likely to continue
- when pressured to win this also affected intrinsic motivation to do the puzzle
Organismic integration theory 2
- ‘humans are active organisms that are fundamentally inclined towards growth, which manifests itself as a predisposition to internalise extrinsically driven behaviour so that it becomes integrated with ones true self’
What does integrated mean?
when a behaviour is aligned with the way you see yourself
What is internalisation?
- when socialisation is developed into internalisation
- we are influenced by the opinions of those around us
- we tend to try and fit in with what is around us and who they are and what they believe therefore influencing what we internalise
Types of behavioural regulation?
external
introjected
identified
integrated
External regulation?
- behaviours lead to reward or the avoidance of punishment
-
Introjected regulation?
- behaviours carried out to avoid internal sources of guilt/disapproval or contingent pride or approval
- you take it on board but it is not part of your identity, should do behaviours mostly
Identified regulation?
behaviours lead to valued, contingent outcomes
- behaviours lead to value - might not enjoy it but personally value the behaviour
Integrated regulation?
- behaviours that are fully integrated with other aspects of the self
- the behaviours you do you express them as part of your identity
Causality orientations theory
- the individual difference manifests as a tendency to seek out interesting activities, find values in events and act volitionally
- involves intrinsically motivated behaviours and externally internalised behaviours
What are the three orientations of personality?
- autonomous orientation
- control orientation
- impersonal orientations
Autonomous orientation?
- tendency to seek out interesting activities, find value in events, and to act volitionally
- internalise things quickly and smoothly
Control orientation?
- tendency to construe events as controlling and pressuring, and focus on rewards, gains and approval
- not so good at internalisation
- tendency to be motivated though interjected external events
- events are controlling to you
Impersonal orientation?
- perceptions of incompetence and experiencing behaviour as out of ones control
- learned helplessness
- don’t feel you have control over your life
What are adaptive growth tendencies?
- to be intrinsically motivated
- to internalise externally related behaviour
- to develop an autonomous orientation
What are some fundamental needs?
- Autonomy = organ of behaviour coming from within, if you are living in line with your identity you are living autonomously
- Competence = want to feel competent, effective at what we do
- relatedness = your social interaction, you want to be resorted, loved, attached to others people
Link between need satisfaction and wellness
If your psychological needs are satisfied particularly as a child then you are more likely to be well
What is psychological need frustration?
- Forced to live in ways that do not link to identity
- rejected by social context
- don’t feel competent
- can lead to controlling orientation
