W1: Multiculturalism Flashcards
three different meanings of the
cultural diversity component of multiculturalism
demographic fact (most societies are)
ideology: individuals and groups hold general views about
their acceptance or rejection of this diversity
some governments articu-
late public policies and develop programs with respect to the acceptability and
promotion of diversity
how do these 3 parts relate
These three features are closely related. Without the pre-
sence of diversity there is no need to be concerned with what people think about it,
and there would be no need for governmental action
While there is no question that multiculturalism refers to the presence of cultural
diversity in a society, a second core element of multiculturalism is that of …
equitable participation
diversity without equal participation will lead
to ….; equal participation without diversity will result in
…; in the absence of diversity and equity,
… will likely occur; but when both diversity and equity
are present, …. are found.
separation or segregation
assimilation or the pursuit of the melting pot
marginalization and exclusion
integration and multiculturalism
Multiculturalism as demography
… is home to the most diverse nations
Africa
This figure shows that
… are the most diverse societies, while Japan, (South)
… 3 are the least.
Canada, Spain and Belgium
Korea and Iceland
negative impacts of diversity ?
immigration and ethnic diversity reduce social solidarity,
lower trust and altruism, and are associated with fewer friendships
anti-immigrant sentiments, perceived threat and hostile ethnic attitudes
valuing of immigrants
generally increases and immigrants’ perceptions of discrimination decrease as
a function of …
immigrant density= broader
demographic, social and political factors
diversity can have detrimental effects on academic achievement for both
majority and minority group students
t or posotive consequences
how ethnic and cultural diversity plays out in educational settings is
very much affected by …
other aspects of the school environment, including a
broader approach to multicultural education, student–teacher relationships and
peer norms
good and bad of diversity in workplace?
exposure to diversity can promote enhanced crea-
tivity and perspective-taking or greater conflict, diminished cohesion and lower
productivity= depends upon the context in which the
work takes place
what causes these differences of outcomes of diversity
how diversity and equitable inclusion are managed or
accommodated, which leads us to examine multicultural policy
T: legislated to deal with the management and accommoda-
tion of diversity
multicultural policy
the presence of policies and
programs alone is not sufficient to achieve a truly multicultural society; it is
imperative that the policies and programs are …
systematically implemented
multicultural policy index nine criteria to assess the degree of promotion of
multiculturalism
a government policy promoting multiculturalism, a multicul-
tural ministry or secretariat, adoption of multiculturalism in the school curricula,
ethnic representation in the media, exemptions of cultural groups from codes that
are rooted in the dominant society (e.g., Sunday closing), allowing dual citizenship,
funding of cultural organizations and funding of bilingual or heritage language
instruction
The rankings on this index put … in first
place
Canada and Australia
in europe The
practice of diverse cultures and religions is guaranteed under the Charter of
Fundamental Rights and must be safeguarded, unless ….
The
practice of diverse cultures and religions is guaranteed under the Charter of
Fundamental Rights and must be safeguarded, unless practices conflict with
other inviolable European rights or with national law.”
how to promote integration
accepts the right to cultural maintenance, Frequent interaction between immigrants and Member States citizens, Access for immigrants to institutions, as well as
to private goods and services, learning the national language
Integration is a dynamic, long-term, and continuous two-way process of mutual
accommodation . . . It demands the participation not only of immigrants and their
descendants but of …
every resident”
What are the effects of multicultural policies? discrimination policies
Anti-discrimination policies improve economic outcomes for immigrants
What are the effects of multicultural policies? multicultural policies
more belongingness in terms of citizenship acquisition, have higher
levels of trust and report lower levels of discrimination in countries with more
multicultural policies
that multicultural policies appear to have some modest positive effect on first and second generation immigrants t or f
effects on socio-political integration for first-generation immigrants and likely
little direct effect, positive or negative, on those in the second generation
how dos multi policy benefit dom groups
increase belongingness
what approach (not multicultural has been adopted by some places to promote equality and has negative impacts
colour blind ideologies
T: idespread consensual
beliefs and evaluations about diversity and equity. an appreciation of
diversity and support for cultural maintenance in conjunction with a recognized
need for mutual accommodation that promotes equitable participation
Multiculturalism as ideology
The view of multiculturalism as only ,,, seems to have been the
basis of recent assertions in some European societies stating “multiculturalism has failed.”
cultural diversity (multi-
culturalism has not failed because it was not really attempted in these societies)
If multiculturalism is viewed and accepted only as the tolerated presence of different
cultures in a society, without the simultaneous … through
programs to reduce barriers to equitable participation, then a form of …
is the correct name for such policies, practices and ideologies
promotion of inclusion, segregation
T: any cultural practice is
legitimate, no matter what the laws of the land may state
cultural relativity
what is the counter to arguments of against multiculturalism that anything goes 2
diversity in places of origin (e.g. islam), many Western democracies that
place limits on cultural practices.
multiculturalism in ideological terms rests on the joint value placed on
…(the cultural diversity element) and … (the
intercultural element), but not that of ….
cultural maintenance , equitable participation
cultural relativity.
T: individuals are more likely to sup-
port abstract principles than concrete policies designed to achieve goals
principle-implementation gap
how to multicultural ideologies influences relations?
inclusive and positive intergroup attitudes, pro-immigration
sentiments and intercultural contact, less racial bias and out-group distance and
greater support for liberal policies about the number and sources of immigrants
