Gender and sexual orientation Flashcards
factors that led to foreign-born
women underutilizing formal social support 3
s lack of access
to information, cultural and linguistic barriers, transportation problems, and the stigma of seeking out mental health services
Cultural Transitioning and Negotiating Gender Roles by Foreign-Born Women? different options?
Some women challenged traditional gender roles “as a symbol of
empowerment and autonomy,” and adopted a multicultural ethnic
identity (Sadeghi, 2008, p. 221), whereas others maintained a strong
identity with their cultural group but deviated from traditional gender
roles (Mac & Alderson, 2009; Malhi, Boon, & Rogers, 2009). Others
remained ambivalent about gender roles and continued to assume
traditional gender roles
Visible minority foreign-born women reported experiencing discrimination in Canada t or f
t
, the perception of group discrimination led to changed rel w cultural heart how?
the retention of their cultural heritage (Taylor, Wright,
Moghaddam, & Lalonde, 1990), and strengthened their identification
with their ethnic communities
Foreign-born women reacted differently to personal encounters of
racism based on the extent to which they had …2
adopted mainstream
Canadian culture and their knowledge of their ethnic group’s historical experiences of racism
role of activism
Activism by visible minority
foreign-born women played a significant role in their integration
into Canadian society and served as a strategy to advocate for their
ethnic communities in Canada (Miedema & Tastsoglou, 2000),
and to resist racial discrimination
Foreign-born
women tended to rely more on… to improve their
language proficiency (Adamuti-Trache, 2012), and learning English served as a tool to negotiate their social identity
informal networks
However, informal learning of English proved difficult for
older foreign-born women because of limited contact with native
speakers why
work and child-care
responsibilities were major impediments to women taking English
classes
government-sponsored language classes improved prospects for finding employment.
f failed to
pros and cons of English
language training in the workplace
enabled foreign-born women to
acculturate more effectively to the Canadian work environment
(Duff, Wong, & Early, 2000) and gain a greater sense of autonomy
(Wong, Duff, & Early, 2001), but failed to improve their workplace status
Employment Experiences of Foreign-Born Women: pros and cons
gain identity, harder time than foriegn men or non migrant women despite their having more education than Canadianborn women, and living in cities with more job opportunities= female dominated roles despite male training
women actively engaged in strategies to overcome structural barriers to employment
volunteered their time, accepted lower wages
and worked harder than did their Canadian-born coworkers in
order to prove their skills and qualifications to employers
put their family’s needs before their jobs, sought childcare support from extended family
members
employment can provide foreign-born women with
a sense of identity as income earners, but they are more likely to
be employed in … jobs despite their
having more education than Canadian-born women
traditional female jobs at lower wages
what forced these women to downgrade career trajectories 3
Nonrecognition of foreign certification and education, lower language proficiency, and lack of Canadian work experience forced women to
downgrade their career trajectories
Housing Experiences of Foreign-Born Women: women with strong
ethnic social networks tended to live in more segregated communities, how did this satisfy their social needs?
they recognized that this led to feelings of alienation and a
reduced sense of belonging in Canada.
foriegn born vs refugee use of shelters?
foreign-born women in Vancouver were less likely than Canadianborn women to use homeless shelters, relying on family and
community networks to find housing. Refugee claimants were
more likely to experience frequent moves and homelessness, because of weaker ties to their ethnic communities, language barriers, and lack of access to resources
risk of insecure housing?
barriers to housing were a contributor to intimate
partner violence among foreign-born women.
foreign-born women in Canada often faced
increased risk for violence because of …
differences in gender roles
in Canada versus their cultural communities and families, families interpret women’s acculturation and integration into Canadian society
as a threat to the family’s cultural norms
rates of intimate partner violence increase with longer
residence in Canada t or f
t
why less reporting?
lack of knowledge of resources and stigma, language barriers
foreignborn women living in … reported lower
rates of intimate partner violence and suggested that these neighborhoods could be sources of informal community support.
immigrant neighborhoods
barriers to employment and lack of knowledge about legal rights, often forced foreign-born women who
experienced intimate partner violence into “…,”
where they lacked housing but did not use services for the homeless.
hidden homelessness
living w partner = greater risk t or f
foreign-born women with reduced social support, or not living
with their partner, were at greater risk for intimate partner violence
Access to Medical Care by Foreign-Born Women: visible minority foreign-born women were less likely to
report unmet health care needs, most articles reviewed found that
foreign-born women do not share in the …,
which refers to the general good health of newcomers to Canada.
healthy immigrant effect
why less healthy
lack of knowledge about medical services (Vahabi, 2010), feeling
uncomfortable asking questions about sexual health (MatickaTyndale, Shirpak, & Chinichian, 2007), a perceived lack of cultural sensitivity, and poor interaction with medical care providers
(Bottorff et al., 2001; Johnson et al., 2004), and a lack of trust
toward medical care professionals, language barriers, insurance coverage, lack of value and access to preventative services
preferred to consult physicians outside their ethnic
communities because of a lack of trust based on concerns about
…
confidentiality
women had reservations about disclosing their chronic illness to employers and coworkers for fear of losing their job. impact?
this nondisclosure led
to reduced management of their illness in the workplace, thereby
exacerbating their symptoms
Strategies that they employed to understand and use health information included …5
asking family and friends for translation, using the
Internet, TV and written materials (e.g., pamphlets, books), asking
their family physician, and using local and community organizations to access information (Todd & Hoffman-Goetz, 2011b).
Greater acculturation
Cultural beliefs about medical care affected
foreign-born women’s health seeking behaviors; women holding
more traditional beliefs about medical care were less likely to seek
….
Western care
Myths and misunderstandings about
the causes of health issues also undermined their …
and thus decreased their likelihood of seeking medical care
perception of risk
The overall findings from the articles reviewed indicate that for health state that 3
(a)
the healthy immigrant effect does not apply to foreign-born
women, especially visible minority women; (b) there are barriers
to accessing medical care especially among refugee claimants who do not have access to provincial health insurance; and (c) specific
cultural beliefs affect how foreign-born women seek out and use
medical care
Mental Health and Well-Being Among
Foreign-Born Women: The articles on foreign-born women’s mental health and
well-being provided evidence that multiple influences, including
…4 adversely affected their mental health. Moreover, these studies identified additional barriers to accessing mental health services, especially ….4. Facilitators to promoting
mental health included….
loss of social support and sense of isolation, linguistic difficulties,
economic difficulties, discrimination and marginalization,
financial and language difficulties, cultural factors, and
the perceived lack of cultural sensitivity.
women connecting to trusted support systems, families, and communities
skipped conclusion and suggestions
.
Implications for Mental Health Practice in Canada: Practitioners’ understanding of the complex lived experiences of
these women is central to overcoming one barrier identified in this
review,…
the perceived lack of cultural sensitivity among service
providers.
Implications: structural changes to improve language MH and finances barriers??
To bridge the language gap, mental health providers
could use trained interpreters, as well as cultural informants or
brokers with linguistic proficiency and cultural competency.
Mental health agencies should hire ethnic or minority counselors or
trained paraprofessionals who can provide services in women’s
native language, and who can also act as cultural brokers for
clients
sliding scale fee
Another barrier identified in this review was the lack of access
to information about mental health issues. how to remedy?
developing educational materials, especially in the women’s
native languages, and making these available to cultural and religious community centers, at immigration and resettlement organizations, and online. reduce stigma
