W1 Intro

Question 1

Petrology is

Answer 1

the study of rocks

Question 2

Petrography

Answer 2

description of rocks

Question 3

Earths layers

Answer 3

crust, mantle, outer core, inner core

Question 4

Earths crust and matle are made of

Answer 4

silicate minerals (mostly olivine)

Question 5

most abundant mineral in earth

Answer 5

olivine

Question 6

Earths core predominantl

Answer 6

nickel and iron
doesnt oxidize because it has nickel
earths core is an aloi

Question 7

Maximum temperature of core

Answer 7

about 6000Kelvin

Question 8

Distance to inner core

Answer 8

about 6371 km

Question 9

Core mantle boundary

Answer 9

where very hot metals meet solid silicate

Question 10

Main ROck Forming Mineral Group

Answer 10

Main Rock Forming Mineral Group
The Rock Forming Minerals
Felsic Minerals
Feldspar Group - plagioclase, alkali-feldspar
Quartz
Feldspathoid Group - nepheline, leucite
Mica Group - muscovite

Mafic Minerals
Mica Group - biotite
Amphibole Group - hornblende, oxyhornblende
Pyroxene Group - clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene
Olivine
olivine rock first found on mt dunn so now known as dunite

Question 11

Mineral Abbreciations

Answer 11

lowercase

Question 12

“ite” at end

Answer 12

name of rock

Question 13

Centrysymmetrics

Answer 13

crystals and grains that habve a typical shape

there are some minerals with ittegular shape and holes

Question 14

Igneous Rocks form

Answer 14

from crystallisation of a (usually) silicate melt

Question 15

Magma

Answer 15

molten rock within the Earth

Question 16

Lava

Answer 16

Molten Rock on Earths urface

Question 17

Textures are

Answer 17

Relationships of minerals within a rock

Question 18

Bimodal

Answer 18

small and big crystals melted together

Question 19

Intrusive Igneous ROcks

Answer 19

Cooling and solidification of magma within the Earth forms

Question 20

Intrusive igneous rocks

Answer 20

crystallize below Earth’s surface, and the slow cooling that occurs there allows large crystals to form.

Question 21

Extrusive igneaous rocks

Answer 21

form when magma reaches the Earth’s surface a volcano and cools quickly.
form as small crystals

Question 22

Clastic Sediments

Answer 22

made of detrital grains (grains that have been moved)

Question 23

Carbonate Sediments

Answer 23

made of biogenic or precipitated CaCO3

Question 24

Evaporites

Answer 24

precipitated salts

Question 25

Calcite

Answer 25

major rock forming mineral in carbonates

Question 26

Metamorphic Rocks form

Answer 26

form from the transformation of igneous or sedimentary rocks by changes in temperature and pressure
i.e. from heat of an igneous intrusion or form burial deep in the crust
can see movement in frozen rock even, show evidence of deformation
stretching or compression (banding is a very telltale sign of meta rocks)

Question 27

Metamorphic rocks age

Answer 27

have more than one age as they form at different times

Question 28

Marble

Answer 28

metamorphosed limestone, fossils are recrystallised and porosity is lost, therefore marble is much denser and harder than limestone

Question 29

Unclassified rocks

Answer 29

some rocks fall in the middle and can’t really be put into one box/ rock type
Other rocks may form as precipitates of hot fluids, as sublimates from gases, from concentrations of organic minerals, etc. …
Ores precipitate in fractures from hydrothermal fluids

Question 30

Age of Universe

Answer 30

universe was formed in the BIG BANG, ~ 13.7 billion years ago

Question 31

Stellar Nucleosynthesis

Answer 31

Elements are formed in the stars
During the evolution of a star, different processes occur producing different suites of elements…
All the heavier elements are produced in stars

Question 32

Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

Answer 32

H and He (plus negligible C) are the only elements formed during the Big Bang

Question 33

Supernovae eruptions

Answer 33

Elements are distributed through supernovae eruptions