W1 General Chemistry Flashcards
Coined the term “Atomos” aka ____
Democritus,
“discontinuous matter”
“indivisible”
Said “There can be no ultimately indivisible particles”
PLATO AND ARISTOTLE
Believed that matter did not exist as a discrete units and
atoms are considered continuous particles
PLATO AND ARISTOTLE
Was the first component of the atom to be identified
ELECTRONS
Discovered Electrons
Joseph John Thomson
Component of a nucleus, discovered by Eugene Goldstein
PROTONS
Components of nucleus, discovered by James Chadwick in 1932
NEUTRONS
Atoms is a spherical mass containing electrons and
that this spherical mass is positive but is made neutral by the electrons embedded in it.
THOMSON MODEL
It is based on additional experimental evidence of “alpha scattering
experiments”.
RUTHERFORD MODEL
In this model, protons
are in the nucleus and
the electrons are in
the orbital motion
around the nucleus.
Bohr Model of an
Atom
In this model, the
atoms are in elliptical
orbits of increasing
number.
Rutherford-Bohr Model
This principle states that simultaneous
determination of the exact position and exact momentum of electron is impossible.
Heisenburg Uncertainty Principle
In this model, the nucleus is a
single cluster of particles at
the center of the atom while
the electrons are everywhere
Wave Mechanical Atom
This theory makes the assertion that
electromagnetic radiation like X-rays, gamma
rays, radio waves and light rays are made up
of small bits of energy.
Schroedinger “Quantum Model”
This theory states that the number of orbital
types in a given shell is equal to the shell
number.
Orbital Theory
orbitals with the same electron of same energy level
Hund’s Rule of Maximum Multiplicity
states that atoms may be built by progressively filling the main energy levels, sub levels and orbitals with electrons according to increasing level
AUFBAU PRINCIPLE
is equal to the number of protons and electrons
ATOMIC NUMBER
Total number of protons and neutrons on the nucleus of nucleons
MASS NUMBER
atoms of the same element with the same atomic number, but different mass number
ISOTOPES
Has the same number of protons and electrons but diff number of neutrons
ISOTOPES
atoms of different elements having the same number of neutrons
ISOTONES
atoms of different elements having the same atomic mass
ISOBARS
It is a charged species, an atom or a molecule, that has lost or gained one or more electrons
IONS
it is the smallest indivisible portion of a pure chemical substance that has its unique set of chemical properties, that is, its potential to undergo a certain set of chemical reactions with other substances
MOLECULES
- a chemical compound always contains
exactly the same proportion of elements by mass.
Law of Definite Proportions
- when two elements combine to form more
than one compound, the weights of one
element that combine with a fixed weight of
the other are in a ratio of small whole numbers
Law of Multiple Proportions
Elements combine in the ratio of
their combining weights or chemical
equivalents; or in some simple multiple or
sub-multiple of that ratio.
Law of Combining Weights
Other names for Law of Combining Weights
Also called the Law of Reciprocal Proportions or Law of Equivalents
Are made up of one kind of only one kind of matter possessing a definite, fixed and unvarying compositions
-has unique set of properties
PURE SUBSTANCES
simplest form of substance that cannot be decomposed by chemical means; building blocks of matter
ELEMENTS
elements that has a characteristic of brilliant, luster, ductility, malleability, and good conductors of heat and electricity
METALS
possess characteristics opposite to metals
NON-METALS
possess characteristics of metals and non-metals
METALLOIDS
are substances whose molecules are made up of two or more kinds of atoms
-combined in def proportion
COMPOUNDS
formed when there is a transfer of e-
IONIC COMPOUND
formed when e- are shared
COVALENT COMPOUND
formed by interaction between elements which are usually metallic but the resulting compound behaves just like an ordinary metal
METALLIC COMPOUND
○ any of the large class of chemical compounds in which one or more atoms of carbons are covalently linked to the atoms of another elements
ORGANIC COMPOUND
○ these are combined with definite proportions of two elements
INORGANIC COMPOUND
An equation that will provide the starting point for modern treatments of non-ideality of electrolytes solution
DEBYE-HUCKEL THEORY
Substances that are resistant to pH
BUFFERS
maximum amount of either the strong
acid or the strong base that can be added before a significant
BUFFER CAPACITY
combination of any positive ion
and negative ion except for OH;
formed by the combination of acids and bases ○
SALTS
Acid and bases with a product of salt and water
NEUTRALIZATION
Substances that consists oxygen and other elements
OXIDES
-substances that are uniform in appearance and has the same
properties and composition throughout one phase and has only color
-particles distributed uniformly
HOMOGENOUS
consists of two or more distinct portions particles distributed non-uniformly
can be separated mechanically
HETEROGENOUS
visible light
solid and liquid
SUSPENSION
the liquids are colloidally suspended in another liquid
samples
EMULSIONS
Scattering of light by particles in a colloid or suspension
TYNDALL EFFECT
States that matter can either be created nor destroyed
Law of Conservation of Mass
States that matter can either be created nor destroyed
Law of Conservation of Mass
