MED ORG I Flashcards
-Ch’ang shang, ma huang
Shen Nung
-Chaulmoogra fruit
American Indians
-Ipecacuanha root
Brazil
-Coca leaves
South American Indians
-opium, squill, hyoscyamus,
viper toxin
Greek Apothecary
Cu, Zn ores, Fe
sulfate, Cadmium oxide
Greek Apothecary
Basic studies of chemistry and physics
shifted from Greco-Roman to _____
Arabian
Alchemy
Paracelsus glorified ___ as cure-all in the
belief that chemical could cure diseases
Sb
19th Century aka
Age of Innovation and Chemistry
extracted morphine from poppy
Friedrich Sertürner
his unproven principle
“similia similibus curantur”
Samuel Hahnemann
– isolated emetine from Ipecacuanha
Pierre-Pelletier
acetic acid synthesis
Adolph Kolbe
concept of biological
receptor
British pharmacologist John
First alkaloid synthesis –
Coniine
sidechain theory
Paul Ehrlich
Mass production of Quinine Sulfate was in ___ factory
Pelletier Factory
Coniine is isolated from ____
Hemlock
Only Liquid Alkaloid
Coniine
Aspirin was discovered by
Felix Hoffman
20th Century aka
Rise of Synthetic Chemotherapeutic Agents
discovered Penciliin
Alexander Fleming
Prontosil / Sulfamidochrysoidine
Gerhard Domagk
-single most important
breakthrough in psychiatric
treatment
Chlorpromazine
-antidepressant
Iproniazid
-first dibenzazepine
Imipramine
-first commercially successful
SSRI
Fluoxetine
discovered Oxytocin
Henry Dale
discovered Thyroxine
Edward Kendall
discovered Insulin (2)
Frederick Banting & Charles Best
Russel Marker converted Diosgenin to
Progesterone
discovered Noerthindrone
Carl Djerassi
discovered Progesterone + Noerthindrone
John Rock
Abortion Pill
Mifepristone
Morning-After Pill
Mifepristone + Misoprostol
-dentist who administered Nitrous
oxide during tooth extraction
Horace Wells
-used ether as an anesthetic agent
Crawford Long
-gave the first successful public
demonstration of surgical anesthesia
(1846)
William Morton
-used as anesthetic agent at St.
Bartholomew’s Hospital
Chloroform
- Induces sleep
Laudanum
synthesized 5,5-diethylbarbituric acid
Adolph Von Beyer
Developed due to modification of
the barbituric acid molecule
Hydantoins
Company that introduced Phenobarbital
Bayer Pharm’l Company
isolated cocaine
Albert Niemann
-First to use cocaine for topical
anesthesia in ophthalmological
surgery
Carl Koller
-determined the structure of cocaine
and atropine
Richard Willstater
-structural analogs of cocaine (4)
Benzocaine, procaine, tetracaine and
lidocaine
Humulin is produced by
Eli Lilly
1st genetically engineered insulin approved by the FDA
Humulin
First orally active contraceptive
Noerthindrone
morning-after pill AKA
Plan B
Cocaine is isolated from
Erythroxylum coca
Which is Lipid Soluble? Digoxin or Digitoxin
DIGITOXIN
William Withering discovered _____ was
beneficial to those suffering from abnormal fluid
buildup
Digitalis purpurea
E. Humolle and T. Quevenne isolated
Digitoxin
discovered the first anticholesterol drug
Akira Endo
discovered Lovastatin
Merck
isolated digoxin
Sydney Smith
-used for leukemia therapy (2)
Sulfur mustard and nitrogen mustard
-first effective for leukemia, discovered by George
Hitchings and Gertrude Elion
6-mercaptopurine
Gold Standard for Cancer
CISPLATIN
2nd Best for Cancer
CARBOPLATIN
discovered by Moeroe Wall and
Masukh Wani
PACLITAXEL
Paclitaxel is isolated from
Pacific Yew Tree - Taxus brevifolia
A scientific discipline at the intersection
of chemistry and pharmacy involved with
designing, synthesizing and developing
pharmaceutical drugs.
Organic
Pharmaceutical
Chemistry
It also includes the study of existing
drugs, their biological properties, and
their Quantitative Structure-Activity
Relationships(QSAR).
Organic
Pharmaceutical
Chemistry
Involves the identification, synthesis and
development of new chemical entities
suitable for therapeutic use.
Medicinal
Chemistry
Focused on quality aspects of medicines
and aims to assure fitness for the
purpose of medicinal products
Pharmaceutical
Chemistry
is a strategy of the essential importance for chemistry and
pharmacy, based on the idea that when we change a
structure of a molecule then also the activity or property of
the substance will be modified.
Quantitative Structure-Activity
Relationships (QSAR)
– including a clinical condition and treated with the test drug
In Vivo
drug activity is tested on isolated tissues or cells
In Vitro
compound showing a desired pharmacological property which can be used
to initiate a medicinal chemistry project
LEAD COMPOUND
Enzyme (In Vitro or In Vivo)
IN VITRO
Drug discovered thru Serendipity
PENICILLIN
NMR meaning
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Specific Compound AKA
Pharmacopore
the science of the properties of the drugs and its
effects in the body
PHARMACOLOGY
the study of the interaction of drugs with cells
PHARMACODYNAMICS
the handling of a drug within the body, it includes
the ADME processes
PHARMACOKINETICS
in vitro and in vivo testing
Toxicity Testing
determination of LD 50
Toxicity Testing
the general area of study concerned with the
formulation, manufacturing, stability and
effectiveness of a pharmaceutical dosage form
Pharmaceutics
Filed before drug may be given to human (clinical trials)
IND
submitted for review and approval after the
completion of the clinical trials and requirements have
been met.
NDA
– Abbreviated NDA (Generic Drug)
ANDA
Foreign Compounds aka
Xenobiotics
main site of metabolism and detoxification of
endo/exogenous compounds
LIVER
– pass thru the liver before being further distributed
in body compartments
PO drugs
Metabolism before reaching systemic circulation
First-Pass Effect
– Limit the BA of orally administered drugs
First-Pass Effect
principal psychoactive compound in marijuana
THC
