W1 Anatomy - Joints, Muscio Skeletal, Injuries, Planes, Yogic Breath

Question 1

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<p>Adult bones</p>

Answer 1

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<p>206</p>

Question 2

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<p>Bones when born</p>

Answer 2

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<p>306 (206 + 100)</p>

Question 3

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<p>Lesser bones as we age</p>

Answer 3

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<p>Bones fuse e.g. sacrum S1-S5</p>

Question 4

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<p>Ligaments</p>

Answer 4

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<p>dense, connective tissues helping joints function</p>

Question 5

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<p>Cartilages</p>

Answer 5

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<p>more flexible than bone
stiffer than muscle
e.g. nose, ribs</p>

Question 6

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<p>Thoracic cage protects</p>

Answer 6

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<p>heart and lungs</p>

Question 7

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<p>Vertebrae Column = Spine,</p>

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Answer 7

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<p>keeps body upright, nerves bringing messages from brain to body</p>

Question 8

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<p>Shoulder Girdle</p>

Answer 8

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<p>floating,
kept in place via ligaments, tendons, muscles
allows wider range of movement for upper limbs</p>

Question 9

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<p>Pelvic Girdle</p>

Answer 9

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<p>holds vital organs in place,

| allows hips and lower limbs to function</p>

Question 10

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<p>muscio-skeletal system p.36</p>

<ul>
	<li>cervical/thoracic/lumbar/sacrum/tailbone (coccyx)</li>
	<li>C7 is jutting out</li>
	<li>shoulder girdle has
	<ol>
		<li>clavicle (long thin)</li>
		<li>scapula (shoulder blade)</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>humerus - upper arm</li>
	<li>lower arm has radius (bigger)and ulna (weaker)</li>
	<li>12th rib - floating rib</li>
	<li>strenum - centre of rib</li>
	<li>pelvic girdle has:
	<ol>
		<li>illium top of hips</li>
		<li>pubis - anus</li>
		<li>ischuim - sitbones</li>
	</ol>
	</li>
	<li>femur</li>
	<li>patella (kneecap)</li>
	<li>lower leg: tibia/fibula</li>
	<li>talus / toes</li>
	<li></li>
</ul>

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Answer 10

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Question 11

<p>Axial skeleton

| (X-sistential)</p>

Answer 11

<p>protect internal organs

| - skull, vertebral, thoracic cage</p>

Question 12

<p>Appendicular skeleton

| (helps you go perpendicular)</p>

Answer 12

<p>facilitate movement:

| - girdles, limbs</p>

Question 13

<p>5 types of bones</p>

Answer 13

<p>long/short/sesamoid/flat/irregular

1. long - humerus, femur
2. short - carpals/tarsals
3. sesamoid - knee cap
4. flat - occipital (back of skull)
5. irregular - spine</p>

Question 14

<p>3 types of joints</p>

Answer 14

<p>synarthroses / amphithroses / diathroses

1. synarthroses (fixed, immovable)
- skull
2. amphiarthroses (tight but slightly movable)
- spine
3. diathroses / synovial (have fluids, lubrication between joints to move freely)
- knees, shoulder joints</p>

Question 15

<p>Types of movable (synovial joints)</p>

Answer 15

<p>1. ball and socket - move all direction shoulder/hip 2. hinge joint - move along one plane only elbow / knee joint 3. condyloid - move all but no rotation finger joints 4. gliding joint - slide over each other wrist / ankle joints 5. saddle joints - back and forth base of fingers</p>

Question 16

Compression of bones

Answer 16

Compression - stress and strengthen but within limits

Question 17

Compression vs tension of tissues

Answer 17

Tension - being stretched

Compression - pushed together

Question 18

Planes of movement

Answer 18

saggital / frontal / transverse

1. saggital - front/back
2. frontal - left right
3. transverse - rotation

Question 19

Saggital movement (front back)

Answer 19

Flexion / Extension
Dorsi / Plantaflexion
1. Flexion - decreasing angle between bones
2. Extension - increasing angle between bones
3. Dorsiflexion - flexing TOES
4. Plantarflexion - POINT TOES (ballet)

Question 20

Frontal Movement (left right)

Answer 20

Adduction / abduction / elevation / depression / inversion / eversion

1. Adduction - bring in
2. Abduction - away
3. Elevation (up from scapula)
4. Depression (down from scapula)
5. Inversion (inwards)
6. Eversion (outwards)

Question 21

Transverse Movements (rotational)

Answer 21

Rotation / Pronation / Supination

1. Rotation - inward/outward from vertical axis of bone
2. Pronation - inwards
3. Supination - away