VVVVVVVVVVVVVVVocab :( [Unit 2]

Question 1

Pork barrel spending

Answer 1

legislation that directs specific funds to projects within districts or states

Question 2

Logrolling

Answer 2

trading votes to pass legislation

Question 3

Constituency

Answer 3

A body of voters in a given area who elect a rep or senator

Question 4

Apportionment

Answer 4

The process of determining the number of representatives for each state using census data

Question 5

Redistricting

Answer 5

redrawing of electoral district boundaries

Question 6

Gerrymandering

Answer 6

the intentional use of redistricting to benefit a specific interest or group of voters

Question 7

Partisan Gerrymandering

Answer 7

Drawing of district boundaries into strange shapes to benefit a political party

Question 8

Majority-minority district

Answer 8

A district in which voters of a minority ethnicity constitute an electoral majority within that electoral district

Question 9

malapportionment

Answer 9

The uneven distribution of the population among leg districts

Question 10

Incumbency

Answer 10

being in office already as opposed to running for the first time

Question 11

Speaker of the House

Answer 11

Leader of house of rep; elected by members

Question 12

Political Action Committee (PAC)

Answer 12

organization that raises money for campaigns

Question 13

House majority leader

Answer 13

Second in Command

Question 14

whip

Answer 14

Job is to ensure party unity and discipline

Question 15

Minority leader

Answer 15

head of the minority party

Question 16

Senate Majority Leader

Answer 16

most power in the senate

Question 17

Discharge petition

Answer 17

A motion filed by a member of congress to move a bill out of committee and onto the floor of the House of Rep for a vote

Question 18

House rules committee

Answer 18

determines when a bill will be debated, how long, and if at all

Question 19

Committee of the Whole

Answer 19

all the members under the same set of rules

Question 20

filibuster

Answer 20

senators may use the right of unlimited debate to delay a motion or postpone action

Question 21

cloture

Answer 21

end debate if 60 senators agree to

Question 22

Entitlement Program

Answer 22

provides benefits to those who qualify under law – regardless of income

Question 23

Mandatory spending

Answer 23

required by law

Question 24

Discretionary Spending

Answer 24

for programs and policies not mandatory but necessary

Question 25

Delegate Role

Answer 25

members of congress are supposed to carry out constituents’ wishes

Question 26

Trustee Role

Answer 26

members of congress are supposed to make decisions based on knowledge

Question 27

Politico Role

Answer 27

members of congress are supposed to balance their choices w/ constituents wishes

Question 28

bipartisanship

Answer 28

parties work together in congress to pass legislation

Question 29

gridlock

Answer 29

division bc of party disagreement, no progress in court

Question 30

divided gov

Answer 30

control split between parties

Question 31

lame duck period

Answer 31

end of presidential term when Congress may block initiatives / nominees

Question 32

Pocket Veto

Answer 32

Informal veto – ignores the bill

Question 33

Executive Privilege

Answer 33

A right claimed by the president to keep certain conversations, records, and transcripts confidential

Nixon tried to use this but wasn’t allowed
Not all-powerful

Question 34

Executive Agreement

Answer 34

Agreement between the president and another nation

Not a treaty but used cuz doesn’t require ratification

Question 35

Signing Statement

Answer 35

Presidents interpretation of the law + ad ons

Question 36

Executive order

Answer 36

Policy directives that don’t require congressional approval

Question 37

War Powers Resolution

Answer 37

President can’t have troops deployed for more than 60 days w/o congressional approval

Question 38

Bully Pit

Answer 38

President appeals to the public to help push policy – force congress too

Question 39

Original Jurisdiction

Answer 39

authority of a court to be the first to hear a case

Question 40

Appellate Jurisdiction

Answer 40

authority of a court to hear / review decisions made by a lower court

Question 41

Judicial Review

Answer 41

Supreme court can strike down laws they deem unconstitutional

Question 42

Federal District Courts

Answer 42

lowest level of the Judiciary – usually o.g jurisdiction

Question 43

Federal Court of Appeals

Answer 43

Middle Level of the Judiciary – review and hear stuff from district courts

Question 44

Precident

Answer 44

A decision that guides future cases

Question 45

Stare decisis

Answer 45

sticking with precident

Question 46

Judicial Restraint

Answer 46

caution overturning laws

Question 47

Judicial Activism

Answer 47

Overturn that sh*t bro – rules were made to be broken

Question 48

Federal Bureaucracy

Answer 48

Departments and agencies within the executive branch that carry out the laws of the nation

Question 49

Bureaucrat

Answer 49

Ppl employed in the Bureaucracy

Question 50

Political Patronage

Answer 50

filling an administrative position as a reward for support – those slut smh

Question 51

Pendleton Act
[Civil Service Reform Act of 1883]

Answer 51

Enforces hiring / promotion / tenure based on merit

Question 52

Merit System

Answer 52

A system of hiring based on qualifications

Question 53

Iron Triangle

Answer 53

coordinated and mutually beneficial activities of the:
Bureaucracy
Congress
Interest Groups
to achieve shared policy goals

Question 54

Issue Network

Answer 54

webs of influence between:
Interest Groups
Policymakers
Policy Advocates