VvVvvVVvocab [Unit 1] Flashcards
Democracy
A system of gov where the power is held by the ppl
Natural rights
*Locke
Life, liberty, & property
Social contract
ppl allow gov to rule in order to have a orderly society
Popular Sovereignty
gov’s right to rule is from the ppl
Republicanism
gov’s authority is from the ppl
Inalienable Rights
Rights that cannot be taken away
Participatory Democracy
*Theory
widespread political participation is essential for democracy
Civil Society Groups
independent associations / outside gov control
Pluralist Theory
Groups play the biggest role in policy making
Elitist Theory
Elites have a disproportionate influence in policy making
Constitutional Republic
1) Constitution is the supreme law
2) Elected reps
3) Democratic
Articles of Confederation & Perpetual Union
gov document that created a union between 13 sovereign states
*states supreme (/) gov
Unicameral
One house
Shay’s Rebellion
Popular uprising against the gov of massachusets
Constitutional Convention
A meeting attended by state delegates in 1787 to fix the Articles of Confederation
writ of habeas corpus
right to know charges against you
bills of attainder
legislature declares someone guilty w/o a trial
ex post facto laws
laws punishing ppl for something that wasn’t illegal when they did it
Virginia Plan
1) Branches – 3
2) Legislative – bicameral
3) Representation – by population
New Jersey Plan
1) Branches – 3
2) Legislative – unicameral
3) Representation – equal
Grand Committee
the committee at the constitutional convention
Great Compromise
[also the Connecticut Compromise]
1) branches – 3
2) Legislative – bicameral
3) Representation – house of rep (pop)
Senate (=)
3/5 Compromise
Slaves count as 3/5 a person
Compromise on Importation
Couldn’t restrict slavery until 1808
Separation of Powers
Distribution of power to prevent one branch becoming too much
Checks and Balances
Each branch can stop the other from being to powerful
Federalism
Sharing power between the national gov and the states
Expressed (enumerated) powers
Powers written in the constitution
Article 1 section 8 - guaranteed
Necessary and Proper (elastic) Clause
wtv needed to carry out expressed powers
end of article 1 section 8
Implied Powers
not written in the constitution
Supremacy Clause
Constitution is the supreme law of the land
Federalists
Supporters of a new constitution
Strong national gov
Anti-federalists
opposed to the new constitution
strong state gov
Federalist Papers
Written to gather support for the new constitution
Faction
A group of self-interested ppl
Use gov to get what they want
“trample” rights of others
Unitary System
Central gov has all the power
Confederal System
Subnation gov has the most power
Federal System
power divided
Exclusive Powers
only the national gov can use
Reserved Powers
not given specifically, but still retained by the states and the ppl
concurrent powers
granted to both the states and fed gov
in constitution
Full Faith and Credit Clause
requires states to recognize acts, records, and civil court proceeding from another state
Extradition
Officials in one state must return defendant to another state where a crime was committed
Privileges and Immunities Clause
Prevents states from discriminating against ppl from out of state
Dual Federalism
States / nation operate independently in their own areas of public policy
Selective incorporation
applying fundamental rights to the states
case-by-case basis
Cooperative Federalism
states / nation work together to shape public policy
Grants-in-aid
Money provided to implement policy
Fiscal Federalism
Use of grants-in-aid to influence state policy
Categorical grants
grants-in-aid provided w/ provisions for their use
Unfunded mandate
Fed requirements states have to follow w/o funding
Block Grant
gives states officials more authority in the disbursement of fed funds
Revenue sharing
fed gov apportions tax money w/ no strings
Devolution
return authority to state or local gov
