Vocab :( [Unit 4] Flashcards
Political Culture
The dominant set of beliefs, costume, traditions, and values that define the relationship between citizens and government
Individualism
The belief that individuals should be responsible for themselves and for the decisions they make
Laissez-faire
An economic system in which government intrudes as little as possible in the economic transactions among citizens and businesses
Rule of law
The principle that no one, including public officials, is above the law
Political socialization
The experiences and factions that shape and individuals political values, attitudes, and behaviors
Political ideology
An individuals coherent set of beliefs about government and politics
Generational effect
The impact of historical events experienced by a generation upon their political views
Life-cycle effect
The impact of a persons age and stage in life on his or her political views
Globalization
The increasing interconnected was of people, businesses, and countries throughout the world
MNC
Multi National corp
Ex: Nike, McDonald’s
NGO
Nongovernmental organization
Ex: Doctors Without Borders
IGO
Intergovernmental organization
Ex: European Union (eu)
WTO
World trade organization
Technically and IGO
Encourages free trade flow of good/money/service between countries
NAFTA
North Atlantic free trade agreement
U.S, Canada, Mexico
Creates jobs + trade
Globalization
Outsourcing
When a company moves it’s business to a place where labor costs are cheaper or production is more efficient bc workers work longer hours
Public opinion
The sum of individual attitudes about government, policies, and issues
Focus Group
A small group of individuals assembled for a conversation about specific issues
Scientific poll
A representative poll of randomly selected respondents with a statistically significant sample size, using neutral language
Sample
A group of individuals from a larger population used to measure public opinion
Random Selection
A method of choosing all poll respondents in a way that does not over or under represent any group of the population
Representative sample
A sample that reflexes the demographics of the population
Weighting
A procedure in which the survey is adjusted according to the demographics of the larger population
Sampling error
The margin of error in a poll, which usually is calculated to plus or minus three percentage points
Mass survey
A survey designed to measure the opinions of the population usually consisting of 1,500 responses
Enterance survey
A poll conducted of people coming to an event
Exit poll
A survey conducted outside a polling place in which individuals are asked who or what they just cited for and why
Benchmark poll
A survey taken at the beginning of a political campaign in order to gauge support for a candidate and determine which issues are important to voters
Tracking poll
A survey determine the level of support for a candidate or an issue throughout a campaign
Random Digit Dialing
The use of telephone numbers randomly generated by computer to select potential survey respondents
Question order
The sequencing of questions in public opinion polls
Question wording
The phrasing of a question in a public opinion poll
Political Ideology
A set of beliefs about the desired goals and outcomes of a process of governance
Right
Something guaranteed, that the government cannot take away
Privilege
Something a person may obtain or receive, but that the government can take away
Party ideology
A party’s philosophy about the proper role of government and its set of positions on major issues
Party Identification
An individual’s attachment to a political party
Conservatism
An ideology favoring more control of social behavior, fewer regulations on businesses, and less government interference in the economy
Liberalism
An ideology favoring less government control over social behavior and more greater regulation of businesses and of the economy
Libertarianism
An ideology favoring very little government regulation and intervention behind protecting private property and individual Liberty
Command-and-control economy
Economic policy in which government dictates much of a nations economic activity, including the amount of production and price of goods
Mixed economy
Economic policy in which many economic decisions are left to individuals and businesses, with the government regulating economic activity
GDP
(Gross domestic product)
The total value of goods and services produced by an economy
Economic recession
A period of decline in economic activity, typically defined by two consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth
Unemployment rate
The percentage of people actively looking for work who cannot find jobs
Inflation
The rise in the prices of goods and services
CPI
(Consumer price index)
The cost of a fixed basket of goods and services over time, used to measure the cost of living
Fiscal policy
Government use of taxes and spending to attempt to lower unemployment, support economic growth, and stabilize the economy
Federal Reserve system
A board of governors, federal reserve banks, and member banks responsible monetary policy
Monetary policy
A set of economic policy tools designed to regulate the amount of money in the economy
Medicare
The federal program that provides health insurance to seniors and the disabled
Medicaid
A federal program that provides health care for the poor
