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AP Government > Vvvvocab 🫥🫵🏻[Unit 5] > Flashcards

Vvvvocab 🫥🫵🏻[Unit 5] Flashcards

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1
Q

Political Participation

A

The different ways in which individuals take action to shape laws and policies of a government

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2
Q

Political action committee

A

An organization that raises money to elect and defeat candidates and may donate money directly to a candidates campaign

Subject to limits - i.e BCRA and FECA

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3
Q

Linkage institution

A

Channels that connect individuals with government with government, including elections, political parties, interest groups, and the media

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4
Q

Social movement

A

The joining of individuals seeking social or political change with the goal of placing issues in the policy agenda

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5
Q

Suffrage

A

The right to vote

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6
Q

Poll tax

A

A payment required by a state or federal government before a citizen is allowed to vote

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7
Q

Voter turnout

A

The number of eligible voters who participate in an election as a percentage of the total number of eligible voters

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8
Q

Demographic characteristics

A

measurable characteristics of a population, such as economic status, education, age, race, or ethnicity, and gender

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9
Q

Socioeconomic status

A

A measure of an individuals wealth, income, occupation, and educational attainment

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10
Q

Political efficacy

A

A persons belief that he or she can make effective political change

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11
Q

Political mobilization

A

Efforts by political parties to encourage their members to vote

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12
Q

Registration requirements

A

The set of rules that govern who can vote and how, when, and where they vote

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13
Q

Absentee Ballot

A

Voting completed and submitted by a voter before the day of an election without going to the polls

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14
Q

Rational choice voting

A

Citing based on what a citizen believes is in his or her best interest

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15
Q

Retrospective voting

A

Voting based on an assessment of an incumbents past performance

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16
Q

Prospective voting

A

Casting a ballot for a candidate who promises to enact policies favored by the voter in the future

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17
Q

Party-line voting

A

Voting for candidates who belong only to one party for all of the offices on the ballot

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18
Q

Electoral College

A

A constitutionally required process for selecting the president through slates of electors chosen in each state, who are pledged to vote for a nominee in the presidential election

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19
Q

Winner-take-all system

A

A system of elections in which the candidate who wins the plurality of votes within a state receives all of that states votes in the electoral college

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20
Q

Battleground state

A

A state where the polls show a close contest between the republican and democratic candidate in a presidential election

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21
Q

Swing state

A

A state where levels of support for the parties are similar and elections swing back and forth between democrats and republicans

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22
Q

GOTV
(Get out the Vote)

A

Efforts to mobilize supporters

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23
Q

Super PAC

A

an organization that may spend an unlimited amount of money in a political campaign, as long as the spending is not coordinated with a campaign

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24
Q

Party identification

A

The degree to which a voter is connected to an influenced by a particular political party

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25
Q

Straight ticket voting

A

Voting for all of the candidates on the ballot from one political party

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26
Q

Split ticket voting

A

Voting for candidates from different parties in the same elections

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27
Q

Party platform

A

A set of positions and policy objects that members of a political party agree to

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28
Q

Recruitment

A

The process through which political parties identify potential candidates

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29
Q

Party Coalition

A

Groups of voters who support a political party over time

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30
Q

Realignment

A

When the groups of people who support a political party shift their allegiance to a different political party

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31
Q

Critical election

A

A major national election that signals a change in the balance of power between two parties

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32
Q

Party era

A

Time period when one party wins most national elections

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33
Q

Era of divided government

A

A trend since 1969 in which one party controls one or both houses of congress and the president is from the opposing party

34
Q

Nomination

A

The formal process through which parties choose their candidates for political office

35
Q

Delegate

A

A person who acts as the voters representative at a convention to select the party’s nominee

36
Q

Primary election

A

An election in which a states voters choose delegates who support a presidential candidate for nomination or an election by a plurality vote to select a party’s nominee for a seat in congress

37
Q

Open primary

A

A primary election in which all eligible voters may vote, regardless of their party affiliation

38
Q

Closed Primary

A

A primary election in which only those who have registered as a member of a political party may vote

39
Q

Caucus

A

A process through which a states eligible voters meet to select deleito represent their preferences in the nomination process

40
Q

Superdelegate

A

Usually a party leader or activist who is not pledged to a candidate based on the outcome of the states primary or caucus

41
Q

Front-loading

A

A decision by a state to push its primary or caucus to a date as early in the election season as possible to gain more influence in the presidential nomination process

42
Q

National convention

A

A meeting where delegates officially select their parties nominee for the presidency

43
Q

Candidate-centered

A

A trend in which candidates develop their own strategies and raise money with less influence from the party elite

44
Q

Two-party system

A

A system in which two political parties dominate politics, winning almost all elections

45
Q

Proportional representation system

A

An election system for a legislature in which citizens vote for parties rather than individuals and parties are represented in the legislature according to the percentage of the vote they receive

46
Q

Single-member plurality system

A

An election system for choosing members of the legislature where the winner is the candidate who receives the most votes, even if the candidate does not receive a majority of the votes

47
Q

Third party

A

A minor political part in competition with the two major parties

48
Q

Interest Groups

A

Voluntary associations of ppl who come together with the goal of getting the policies that they favor enacted

49
Q

Social movements

A

Diffuse groups that educate the public and put pressure on policymakers in an effort to bring about societal change

50
Q

Theory of participatory democracy

A

The belief that citizens impact policy making through their involvement in civil society

51
Q

Civil Society

A

Groups outside the government that advocate for policy

52
Q

Pluralist theory

A

A theory that political power is distributed among many competing groups, which means that no single group can grow too powerful

53
Q

Elitist theory

A

A theory that the wealthy elite class has a disproportionate amount of economic and polio power

54
Q

Policy agenda

A

The set of issues to which government officials, voters, and the public are playing attention

55
Q

Collective action

A

Political action that occurs when individuals contribute their energy, time, or money to a larger group goal

56
Q

Collective good

A

Also: public good

A public benefit that everyone can enjoy or profit from even if they do not help achieve it

57
Q

Free riders

A

Individuals who enjoy collective goods and benefit from the actions of an interest group without joining

58
Q

Selective benefits

A

Benefits available only to those who join the group

59
Q

Economic interest groups

A

Groups advocating in behalf of the collective interests of their members

60
Q

Public interest groups

A

Groups that act on half of the collective interests of a broad group of individuals

61
Q

Single-Issue groups

A

Association focusing on one specific area

62
Q

Government interest groups

A

Organizations acting on behalf of local, state, or foreign governments

63
Q

Lobbying

A

Interacting with government officials in order to advance a groups public policy goals

64
Q

Revolving door

A

The movement of individuals between positions in government and lobbying positions

65
Q

Amicus curiae brief

A

A brief filed by someone who is not a party to a case in an attempt to persuade the court to agree with the arguments set forth in the brief

66
Q

Iron Triangle

A

The core donated and mutually beneficial activities of the bureaucracy, Congress, and interest groups to achieve a shared policy goal

67
Q

Issue network

A

The webs of influence between interest groups, policy makers, and policy advocates

68
Q

Grassroots lobbyists

A

Mobilizing interest group members to pressure their representatives by contacting them directly through phone calls, email, and social media

69
Q

Protest

A

A public demonstration designed to call attention to the need for change

70
Q

Civil Disobedience

A

Intentionally breaking a law to call attention to an injustice

71
Q

News Media

A

A broad term that includes newspapers, magazines, radio, tv, internet sources, blogs, and social-media postings that cover important events

72
Q

Social media

A

Forms of electronic communication that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking

73
Q

Agenda setting

A

The medias ability to highlight certain issues and bring them to the attention of the public

74
Q

Mass media

A

Sources of information designed to reach a wide audience

Including newspapers, radio, tv, and internet outlets

75
Q

Wire service

A

An organization that gathers and reports on news and then sells the stories to other outlets

76
Q

Investigative journalism

A

An approach to news gathering in which reporters dig into stories, often looking for instances of wrongdoing

77
Q

Broadcast media

A

Outlets for news and other content including radio and television that bring stories directly into people’s homes

78
Q

Media Consolidation

A

The concentration of ownership of the media into fewer corporations

79
Q

Partisan bias

A

The slanting of political news coverage in support of a particular political party or ideology

80
Q

Horse-race journalism

A

Coverage of political campaigns that focuses more on the frame of the campaign than on the policy issues

AP Government (8 decks)

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