Vocabbbbbbbb [Unit 3] Flashcards
Civil Liberties
Fundamental rights and freedoms protected from infringement by the gov
Civil Rights
protections from discrimination as a member of a group
Bill of Rights
First 10 amendments
list of freedoms
Due Process Clause
14th Amendment
restricts state gov from taking away rights w/o legal safeguards
Selective Incorporation
the process of applying the bill of rights to state gov
case-by-case
Establishment Clause
1st Amendment
Protection against gov requiring supporting or practicing religion
Free Exercise Clause
1st Amendment
Protection of the right to practice / express religious beliefs
Clear & Present Danger
legal standard that speech posing an immediate and serious threat to national security is not protected
Prior Restraint
the suppression of material prior to publication on the grounds that it might endanger national security
Symbolic Speech
Protected expression in the form of images, signs, and other symbols
Libel
untrue WRITTEN statement
Slander
untrue SPOKEN statement
Obscenity & Pornography
[i doubt u have to know this but its kinda funny that the book actually defined it]
sexually explicit words, images, or videos
ex post facto laws
punished for something u did when it was legal
Bill of attainder
punishing someone w/o trial
writ of habeas corpus
documents stating reasons for arrest
Procedural due process
fairness must be applied to everyone
Exclusionary Rule
evidence obtained w/o warrent cannot be used
double jeopardy
can’t be convicted of the same thing twice
Miranda Rights
1) to remain silent
2) to an attorney
Equal Protection Clause
14th Amendment
ensure equal protection regardless of race, gender, national origin, etc.
Separate but Equal
segregation is chill as long as both facilities are equal
de jure segregation
based on race / characteristics and by law
de facto segregation
not by law but bc of natural patterns
Affirmative Action
a policy that favors minorities in order to combat college discrimination
Civil Disobedience
not obeying unjust / immoral laws
Civil Rights Act of 1964
outlawed racial segregation in school / public places
can sue if dont desegregate
Voting Rights Act 1965
outlaws literacy tests and authorizes Justice Dep to send fed officers to register voters
Title IX of the Higher Education Amendments
prohibits sex discrimination in schools receiving fed aid
^
increased female participation in sports
