Vulva, Vagina, Cervix, Uterus Flashcards
What is the most common condition involving the vulva?
Inflammation (neoplasia is rare)
What two general conditions can cause vulvitis?
1 allergic contact dermatitis (eczema)
2 infection
Obstruction of which female gland can result in a cyst and possible infection leading to the formation of an abscess?
Bartholin gland
Which female labial epithelial disorder results in epidermal thinning and atrophy?
Lichen sclerosus
Lichen sclerosus most commonly affects what population?
Elderly
Is there a cancer risk associated with lichen sclerosus?
Small (1-5% progress into SCC)
What is the hypothesized cause of lichen sclerosus?
Autoimmune
Which female labial epithelial disorder involves epithelial hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis from chronic irritation?
Lichen simplex chronicus
Which is NOT associated with a cancer risk at all: lichen sclerosus or lichen simplex chronicus?
Lichen simplex chronicus
Both lichen sclerosus and lichen simplex chronicus resemble what other condition?
Leukoplakia
What is most common type of vulvar carcinoma (although overall rare)?
Non-HPV-related SCC
Which type of vulvar carcinoma is associated with vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN)?
HPV-related SCC
What strains of HPV cause vulvar carcinoma?
HPV-16 and HPV-18
Which type of vulvar carcinoma is associated with older women? Middle-aged women?
Older women = Non-HPV-related SCC
Middle-aged = HPV-related SCC
What are the two types of vulvar carcinoma?
HPV-related SCC or non-HPV-related SCC
Lichen sclerosus can cause what type of vulvar carcinoma?
Non-HPV-related SCC
What infection produces green vaginal discharge?
Trichomonas vaginalis
Which fungal infection produces white vaginal discharge?
Candida albicans
What are the risk factors for vaginitis?
Diabetes, antibiotic therapy, immunodeficiency, pregnancy, recent abortion
What is the clinical term for white or yellow vaginal discharge?
Leukorrhea
What is the most common type of vaginal cancer?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What are risk factors for vaginal squamous cell carcinoma?
HPV, early intercourse, multiple partners
Which type of vaginal cancer presents as a risk for offspring whose mothers took diethylstilbestrol (DES)?
Clear cell adenocarcinoma
Which type of vaginal cancer presents with red/granular foci?
Clear cell adenocarcinoma
What is unique about the location of a sarcoma botryoides?
Rhabdomyosarcoma that occurs in an area without skeletal muscle
Which type of vaginal cancer is a form of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma?
Sarcoma botryoides
What is the clinical term for an inflamed cervix?
Cervicitis
What is the most common infectious cause of cervicitis?
Chlamydia (just under 50% of all cases)
What are non-infectious causes of cervicitis?
Acute: postpartum
Chronic: reproductive age women (estrogen fluctuations, trauma)
What are risk factors for cervical cancer?
1 early first intercourse
2 multiple sex partners
3 male partner with several past partners
4 persistent infection with high-risk HPV
What is the average age in the U.S. for first sexual intercourse?
17 years
Do most HPV infections persist into cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)?
No
What is the precursor to invasive cervical carcinoma?
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)
What area of the cervix is the location where immature squamous cells are infected with HPV-16 or HPV-18 to develop into cervical cancer?
Transformation zone