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Endo/Repro > Vulva and Vagina > Flashcards

Vulva and Vagina Flashcards

1
Q

What are some things that can involve the vulva?

A
  • Many inflammatory diseases that affect skin elsewhere on the body like psoriasis, eczema, and allergic dermatitis
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2
Q

What does the increased moisture and secretions make the vulva more prone to?

A
  • Superficial infections
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3
Q

What is a Bartholin cyst?

A
  • Relatively common
  • Occur at all ages
  • Due to obstruction of the duct by an inflammatory process
  • Infection can result in an abscess
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4
Q

How does lichen sclerosus present?

A
  • Smooth, white plaques or macules that in time may enlarge and coalesce, producing a surface that resembles porcelain or parchment
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5
Q

What happens in lichen sclerosus when the entire vulva is affected?

A
  • The labia becomes atrophic and agglutinated

- Vaginal orifice constricts

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6
Q

Who is most affected by lichen sclerosus?

A
  • Postmenopausal women
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7
Q

What is an association of lichen sclerosus?

A
  • Development of squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva
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8
Q

What is seen on histology with lichen sclerosus?

A
  • Hyperkeratosis
  • Epidermal thinning
  • Basal layer degeneration
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9
Q

What is squamous cell hyperplasia?

A
  • A non specified localized, well-circumscribed area of thickened skin resulting from repeated rubbing, itching, and scratching of the skin to relieve pruritus
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10
Q

What may hyperplastic epithelium show in squamous cell hyperplasia?

A
  • Mitotic activity but lacks cellular atypia
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11
Q

Is squamous hyperplasia premalignant?

A
  • No, but sometimes presents at the margins of vulvar cancers
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12
Q

What is condyloma acuminatum?

A
  • Genital warts

- Solitary but more likely multifocal

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13
Q

Where is condyloma acuminatum located?

A
  • Anywhere (perianal, perineal, vulva, vagina, cervix)
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14
Q

What is associated with condyloma acuminatum?

A
  • Low risk HPV types 6 and 11
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15
Q

What is condyloma latum associated with?

A
  • Secondary syphilis
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16
Q

How does condyloma latum present?

A
  • Superficial lesion of the skin and mucosal surfaces
17
Q

When does condyloma latum present?

A
  • 2-10 weeks after the primary chancre
18
Q

Where are condyloma latum lesions located?

A
  • Palms or soles of feet and may be maculopapular, scaly, or pustular
  • Moist areas of the skin, such as the anogenital region, inner thighs, and axillae
19
Q

What is squamous neoplasia of the vulva?

A
  • Carcinoma of the vulva is uncommon

- Most are squamous cell carcinoma

20
Q

What age is most affected by squamous neoplasia of the vulva?

A
  • Age 60 or older
21
Q

What are the 2 types with distinct precursor lesions to squamous neoplasia of the vulva?

A
  1. HPV related - Classic VIN (Bowen disease)

2. Non HPV related - Differentiated VIN

22
Q

What are some risks of metastasis in invasive cancers of the vulva?

A
  • Size of primary tumor
  • Depth of invasion
  • Lymphatic involvement
23
Q

What are glandular neoplastic lesions?

A
  • Like the breast, the vulva contains modified apocrine sweat glands
  • Presumably because of the breastlike features, the vulva may be involved by two tumors with counterparts in the breast (papillary hidradenoma and extramammary Paget disease)
24
Q

How does papillary hidradenoma present?

A
  • Sharply circumscribed nodule, most commonly on the labia majora or interlabial folds
  • May be confused with carcinoma because of tendency to ulcerate
25
Q

What is the histological appearance of papillary hidradenoma?

A
  • Identical to that of intraductal papilloma of the breast and consists of papillary projections covered by two cell layers (an upper layer of columnar secretory cells and a deeper layer of flattened myoepithelial cells)
26
Q

How does extramammary Paget disease present?

A
  • Pruritic, red, crusted, maplike area, usually on the labia majora
  • Distinctive intraepithelial proliferation of malignant cells
27
Q

How is vulvar paget different from paget of the breast?

A
  • Vulvar paget is typically not associated with underlying cancer and is confined to the vulvar epidermis
28
Q

What is the treatment for vulvar paget disease?

A
  • Wide local excisions
29
Q

What is associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the vagina?

A
  • High risk HPV types
30
Q

Who presents with embryonal rhabdomyoscarcoma?

A
  • Children
31
Q

What is embryonal rhabdomyoscarcoma?

A
  • Uncommon vaginal tumor composed of malignant embryonal rhabdomyoblasts
  • Tumors tend to invade locally and cause death by penetration into the peritoneal cavity or by obstruction of the urinary tract
32
Q

What is the treatment for embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma?

A
  • Conservative therapy coupled with chemotherapy

Endo/Repro (31 decks)

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