Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endo/Repro > Benign Epithelial Lesions of the Breast > Flashcards

Benign Epithelial Lesions of the Breast Flashcards

1
Q

What is the association with benign histologic changes?

A
  • Later development of invasive cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How can risk be reduced in benign epithelial lesions?

A
  • Bilateral prophylactic mastectomy or treatment with estrogen antagonists (tamoxifen)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How many women with atypical hyperplasia have breast cancer? What do they ultimately decide to do?

A
  • Around 20%

- Many choose to have close clinical and radiologic surveillance over intervention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the relative risk for nonproliferative breast changes turning into invasive carcinoma?

A
  • 1 (~3%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the relative risk for proliferative disease without atypia turning into invasive carcinoma?

A
  • 1.5-2 (~5%-7%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the relative risk for proliferative disease with atypia turning into invasive carcinoma?

A
  • 4-5 (~13%-17%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the relative risk for carcinoma in situ turning into invasive carcinoma?

A
  • 8-10 (~25%-30%)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is nonproliferative breast changes (fibrocystic changes)?

A
  • Common morphologic alterations that are often grouped under the term fibrocystic changes
  • “Lumpy bumpy” breasts on palpation
  • Not associated with an increased risk of breast cancer
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the three principal nonproliferative morphologic changes in nonproliferative breast changes?

A
  1. Cystic change, often with apocrine metaplasia
  2. Fibrosis
  3. Adenosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is adenosis?

A
  • Increase in the number of acini per lobule
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where else is adenosis seen?

A
  • Pregnancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How do lactational adenomas present in pregnancy?

A
  • Palpable masses in pregnant or lactating women and regress after cessation of breastfeeding
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does adenosis look like in nonpregnant women?

A
  • Can occur as a focal change

- Acini are lined by columnar epithelial cells, and calcifications are occasionally present within the lumens

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is proliferative breast disease without atypia detected?

A
  • Mammographic densities, calcifications, or incidental findings in biopsies performed for other reasons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How are the lesions in proliferative breast disease without atypia characterized by?

A
  • Proliferation of epithelial cells, without cytologic atypia, and are associated with a small increase in the risk of subsequent carcinoma in either breast
  • Lesions are considered predictors of risk, rather than direct precursors, of carcinomas
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the morphologic features of proliferative breast disease without atypia?

A
  1. Epithelial hyperplasia
  2. Sclerosing adenosis
  3. Complex sclerosing lesion
  4. Papilloma
  5. Gynecomastia
17
Q

What is sclerosing adenosis?

A
  • The involved terminal duct lobular unit is enlarged, and the acini are compressed and distorted by dense stroma
  • Calcifications are present within some of the lumens
18
Q

How does sclerosing adenosis differ from carcinomas?

A
  • In sclerosing adenosis, the acini are arranged in a swirling pattern, and the outer border is well circumscribed
19
Q

What is seen in ~80% of large duct papillomas?

A
  • Nipple discharge
20
Q

What causes a bloody nipple discharge in large duct papillomas?

A
  • Stalk undergoes torsion causing infarction
21
Q

What causes a serous discharge in large duct papillomas?

A
  • Intermittent blockage and release of normal breast secretions or irritation of the duct by the papilloma
22
Q

How do most small duct papillomas come to clinical attention?

A
  • As small palpable masses or as densities or calcifications seen on mammograms
23
Q

How is proliferative breast disease with atypia detected?

A
  • Mammographic calcifications or as incidental findings in biopsies performed for other reasons
24
Q

How are the lesions in proliferative breast disease with aytpia characterized?

A
  • By proliferations of either ductal or lobular epithelial cells, with some but not all of the histologic features of carcinoma in situ
  • Associated with a moderate increase in the risk of subsequent carcinoma in either breast
25
Q

What are the two morphologic features of proliferative breast disease with atypia?

A
  1. Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH)

2. Atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH)

26
Q

What does ADH and ALH express?

A
  • High levels of estrogen receptor

- Have a low rate of proliferation

27
Q

What chromosomal aberrations are seen in ADH and ALH?

A
  • Losses of 16q and 17p or gains of 1q, which are features also found in low-grade carcinoma in situ and ER-positive invasive breast cancer
28
Q

What is something that only ALH expresses?

A
  • Loss of E-cadherin expression (shares this with LCIS)
29
Q

What is the family of lobular neoplasia characterized by?

A
  • Loss of cell adhesion

Endo/Repro (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions