Vulcanism, Lava And Magma Flashcards
What is vulcanism?
Vulcanism refers to the processes of magma and lava movement within or onto the surface of a planet.
True or False: Magma is molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface.
True
What is the term for molten rock that flows onto the Earth’s surface?
Lava
Fill in the blank: Magma that has reached the surface is known as ______.
Lava
What are the two main types of volcanic eruptions?
Explosive and effusive eruptions
True or False: Explosive eruptions are characterized by high viscosity lava.
True
What type of lava has a low viscosity and flows easily?
Basaltic lava
Fill in the blank: The most common type of volcano is a ______ volcano.
Stratovolcano
What is the term for a volcanic vent from which lava and gases are emitted?
Crater
True or False: Volcanoes can also release gases like sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide.
True
What is the term for a volcano that is currently erupting or has erupted in historical time?
Active volcano
Fill in the blank: A _______ volcano is one that has not erupted for a long time but may erupt again in the future.
Dormant
What is the term for a volcano that is unlikely to erupt again?
Extinct volcano
True or False: The Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where many earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.
True
What is the term for the process of magma cooling and solidifying to form igneous rock?
Crystallization
Fill in the blank: The rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma is called ______ rock.
Igneous
What is the term for a volcanic rock with large crystals that cooled slowly beneath the Earth’s surface?
Intrusive rock
True or False: Pumice is a type of volcanic rock that is formed from the rapid cooling of lava.
True
What is the term for small fragments of volcanic rock and glass that are ejected during an explosive eruption?
Tephra
Fill in the blank: Magma that cools and solidifies beneath the Earth’s surface forms ______ rock.
Plutonic
What is the term for the process of magma rising and intruding into existing rock formations?
Intrusion
True or False: Dikes are tabular-shaped intrusions that cut across existing rock layers.
True
What is the term for a large, bowl-shaped depression at the top of a volcano?
Caldera
Fill in the blank: The ______ scale is used to measure the explosivity of volcanic eruptions.
Volcanic Explosivity Index
What is the term for a volcanic mudflow triggered by heavy rainfall or the rapid melting of snow and ice?
Lahar
True or False: Pyroclastic flows are fast-moving currents of hot gas and volcanic matter.
True
What is the term for a volcanic cone built by the accumulation of lava flows and tephra?
Cinder cone
Fill in the blank: The _______ Islands in Hawaii are formed by shield volcanoes.
Hawaiian
