Vulcanism, Lava And Magma

Question 1

What is vulcanism?

Answer 1

Vulcanism refers to the processes of magma and lava movement within or onto the surface of a planet.

Question 2

True or False: Magma is molten rock beneath the Earth’s surface.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

What is the term for molten rock that flows onto the Earth’s surface?

Answer 3

Lava

Question 4

Fill in the blank: Magma that has reached the surface is known as ______.

Answer 4

Lava

Question 5

What are the two main types of volcanic eruptions?

Answer 5

Explosive and effusive eruptions

Question 6

True or False: Explosive eruptions are characterized by high viscosity lava.

Answer 6

True

Question 7

What type of lava has a low viscosity and flows easily?

Answer 7

Basaltic lava

Question 8

Fill in the blank: The most common type of volcano is a ______ volcano.

Answer 8

Stratovolcano

Question 9

What is the term for a volcanic vent from which lava and gases are emitted?

Answer 9

Crater

Question 10

True or False: Volcanoes can also release gases like sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

What is the term for a volcano that is currently erupting or has erupted in historical time?

Answer 11

Active volcano

Question 12

Fill in the blank: A _______ volcano is one that has not erupted for a long time but may erupt again in the future.

Answer 12

Dormant

Question 13

What is the term for a volcano that is unlikely to erupt again?

Answer 13

Extinct volcano

Question 14

True or False: The Ring of Fire is a major area in the basin of the Pacific Ocean where many earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occur.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

What is the term for the process of magma cooling and solidifying to form igneous rock?

Answer 15

Crystallization

Question 16

Fill in the blank: The rock formed from the cooling and solidification of magma is called ______ rock.

Answer 16

Igneous

Question 17

What is the term for a volcanic rock with large crystals that cooled slowly beneath the Earth’s surface?

Answer 17

Intrusive rock

Question 18

True or False: Pumice is a type of volcanic rock that is formed from the rapid cooling of lava.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What is the term for small fragments of volcanic rock and glass that are ejected during an explosive eruption?

Answer 19

Tephra

Question 20

Fill in the blank: Magma that cools and solidifies beneath the Earth’s surface forms ______ rock.

Answer 20

Plutonic

Question 21

What is the term for the process of magma rising and intruding into existing rock formations?

Answer 21

Intrusion

Question 22

True or False: Dikes are tabular-shaped intrusions that cut across existing rock layers.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

What is the term for a large, bowl-shaped depression at the top of a volcano?

Answer 23

Caldera

Question 24

Fill in the blank: The ______ scale is used to measure the explosivity of volcanic eruptions.

Answer 24

Volcanic Explosivity Index

Question 25

What is the term for a volcanic mudflow triggered by heavy rainfall or the rapid melting of snow and ice?

Answer 25

Lahar

Question 26

True or False: Pyroclastic flows are fast-moving currents of hot gas and volcanic matter.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

What is the term for a volcanic cone built by the accumulation of lava flows and tephra?

Answer 27

Cinder cone

Question 28

Fill in the blank: The _______ Islands in Hawaii are formed by shield volcanoes.

Answer 28

Hawaiian