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Noorda OMM > VSR and Autonomics > Flashcards

VSR and Autonomics Flashcards

1
Q

What vertebral levels are the sympathetic outflow for the head and neck

A

T1 - T4

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2
Q

What vertebral levels are the sympathetic outflow for the heart

A

T1 - T5

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3
Q

What vertebral levels are the sympathetic outflow for the lungs and upper extremities

A

T2 - T7

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4
Q

What vertebral levels are the sympathetic outflow for the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, and spleen

A

T5 - T9

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5
Q

What vertebral levels are the sympathetic outflow for the adrenals, kidneys, upper ureters, ovaries/testes, jejunum to mid-transverse, colon, and appendix

A

T10 - T11

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6
Q

What vertebral levels are the sympathetic outflow for the distal transverse colon, anus, lower ureters, bladder, uterus and cervix/prostate, and lower extremities

A

T12 - L2

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7
Q

What vertebral level is the major VSR levels for the heart

A

T3

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8
Q

What vertebral level is the major VSR levels for the lungs

A

T2 Left (asthma reflex)

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9
Q

What vertebral levels are the major VSR levels for the esophagus

A

T3 - T6

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10
Q

What vertebral levels are the major VSR levels for the stomach

A

T5 Left

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11
Q

What vertebral level is the major VSR levels for the liver

A

T9 Right

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12
Q

What vertebral levels are the major VSR levels for the gallbladder

A

T10 Right

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13
Q

What vertebral levels are the major VSR levels for the kidneys

A

T10 - L1

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14
Q

What vertebral levels are the major VSR levels for the lower ureters

A

T12 - L1

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15
Q

What vertebral levels are the major VSR levels for the bladder

A

T11 - L2

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16
Q

What vertebral levels are the major VSR levels for the ureters and cervix/prostate

A

T11 - L2 (cervix/penis)

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17
Q

What vertebral levels are the major VSR levels for the lower extremities

A

T10 - T12

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18
Q

What are the main splanchnic nerves for T5 - T9

A

Greater splanchnic

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19
Q

What are the main splanchnic nerves for T10 - T11

A

Lesser splanchnic

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20
Q

What are the main splanchnic nerves for T12 - L2

A

Least splanchnic (T12)
Lumbar splanchnic (L1 - L2)

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21
Q

What are the main ganglion for T1 - T4

A

Superior, medial, and inferior cervical/stellate (sympathetic chain)

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22
Q

What are the main ganglion for T1 - T5

A

Superior, medial, and inferior cervical/stellate (sympathetic chain)

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23
Q

What are the main ganglion for T5 - T9

A

Celiac (prevertebral ganglia)

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24
Q

What are the main ganglion for T10 - T11

A

Superior mesenteric (prevertebral ganglia)

25
Q

What are the main ganglion for T12 - L2

A

Inferior mesenteric (prevertebral ganglia)
(Some lesser splanchnic synapse onto IMG as well)

26
Q

What cranial nerves are the parasympathetic outflow for the eye (pupil constriction)

A

CN III (oculomotor)

27
Q

What cranial nerves are the parasympathetic outflow for the lacrimal and mucus glands of the nasal cavity

A

CN VII (Facial)

28
Q

What cranial nerves are the parasympathetic outflow for the parotid glands

A

CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

29
Q

What cranial nerves are the parasympathetic outflow for above the diaphragm and the “upper RUG”

A

CN X (vagus)

30
Q

What nerves are the parasympathetic outflow for the “lower RUG”

A

S2 - S4

31
Q

What is the main parasympathetic ganglion for CN III (oculomotor)

A

Ciliary

32
Q

What is the main parasympathetic ganglion for CN VII (facial)

A

Pterygopalatine/sphenopalatine
Submandibular

33
Q

What is the main parasympathetic ganglion for CN IX (glossopharyngeal)

A

Otic

34
Q

What is the main parasympathetic ganglion for CN X (vagus)

A

Intramural ganglion of the innervated organ

35
Q

What is the main parasympathetic ganglion for S2 - S4

A

Intramural ganglion of the innervated organ

36
Q

What is the “upper RUG”

A

Reproductive (testes/ovaries)
Urinary (proximal ureter)
GI (everything to the proximal colon)

37
Q

What is the “lower RUG”

A

Reproductive (erection of penis/ovaries)
Urinary (distal ureter and voiding)
GI (distal colon to anus)

38
Q

What is the somatic nerve cell system

A

One long axon with acetylcholine to muscle

39
Q

What is the PNS nerve cell system

A

Long preganglionic axon with acetylcholine to short postganglionic axon with acetylcholine to organs

40
Q

What is the SNS nerve cell system

A

Short preganglionic axon with acetylcholine to long postganglionic axon with norepinephrine to organs

41
Q

What is the SNS sweat gland nerve cell system

A

Short preganglionic axon with acetylcholine to long postganglionic axon with acetylcholine to sweat glands

42
Q

What is the SNS adrenal gland nerve cell system

A

Long axon with acetylcholine to adrenal glands to produce epinephrine

43
Q

Pathway of the SNS

A

T vertebra
White rami
Sympathetic chain ganglion
Splanchnic nerves
Plexuses
Ganglion
Effector organs

44
Q

What are the cervical ganglion

A

Superior cervical (C2 - C3)
Middle cervical (C6)
Inferior/stellate (if fused with thoracic) (C7 - 1st rib)

45
Q

Function of superior cervical ganglion

A

Dilate iris, lacrimal glands, salivary glands, erector pili muscles
Innervates heart (superior cardiac nerve)

46
Q

Function of middle cervical ganglion

A

Innervates thyroid, esophagus, trachea, lower neck, arm, posterior cranial arteries
Innervates heart (middle cardiac nerve to cardiac plexus)

47
Q

Function of inferior cervical ganglion

A

Innervates heart, lower neck, arm, radial artery, posterior cranial arteries

48
Q

3 Borders of the GI SNS

A

T5 - T9 ligament of Treitz (jejunum) (celiac ganglia)
T10 (Treitz) - T11 (splenic flexure) (superior mesenteric)
T12 (splenic flexure)- L2 (rectum/ genitourinary, and pelvis) (inferior mesenteric)

49
Q

Pathway of PNS

A

Craniosacral Vertebrae (vagus or S2 - S4)
Vagus or pelvic splanchnic nerves
Plexus
Organ ganglion
Effector organ

50
Q

What splanchnics exit S2 - S4

A

Sacral (SNS)
Pelvic (PNS)

51
Q

Reflexes related to spinal fascilitation

A

Somatosomatic
Viscerosomatic and Chapman points
Viscerovisceral
Somatovisceral

52
Q

Example of somatosomatic reflex

A

Hot stove

53
Q

Example of viscerosomatic reflex

A

Heart pain deferred to arm

54
Q

When might you use dorsal inhibition

A

To balance autonomics
To affect VSRs or visceral pathology

55
Q

When might you use rib raising

A

To balance the autonomics
To affect VSRs or visceral pathology, i.e., an asthma attack

56
Q

When might you use ventral inhibitory release

A

To affect digestion, absorption, elimination

57
Q

When might you use sacral inhibition

A

To affect predominately the PNS sacral division
To affect pelvic organs

58
Q

When might you use sacral rocking

A

To affect predominately the PNS sacral division
To affect pelvic organs

Noorda OMM (16 decks)

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