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Noorda OMM > General Skills > Flashcards

General Skills Flashcards

1
Q

What are the subjects for the general survey

A

Alertness
Age
Distress
Body habitus (type/BMI)
Movement (posture/gait/strength/tremors/tics/etc.)
Appearance/hygiene
Behavior

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2
Q

Normal HR

A

60-100 bpm

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3
Q

Normal RR

A

12-20/min

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4
Q

Normal temperature (C)

A

35.8 - 37.3

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5
Q

Normal temperature (F)

A

96.4 - 99.1

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6
Q

Fever temperature

A

38 C or 100.3 F

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7
Q

Hypothermia temperature

A

<35 C or <95 F

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8
Q

Normal BP

A

<120/80

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9
Q

Elevated BP

A

> 120/80

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10
Q

Hypertensive BP

A

<130/>80

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11
Q

Hypotensive BP

A

<90/60

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12
Q

What do we look at on the head exam

A

Hair
Scalp
Skull
Face
Skin

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13
Q

What tests are run on the eye exam

A

Visual acuity
Visual fields
Inspection
Pupillary reaction
Extraocular muscles
Ophthalmoscope

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14
Q

Normal optic disc features

A

Blurring on nasal side
Yellow-creamy pink
Cup is half the size of the disc
Symmetrical

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15
Q

What does a papilledema indicate

A

Meningitis
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Trauma
Lesions

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16
Q

What is the diopter setting for anterior structures and why

A

+10 or +12
For opacities in vitreous humor or lens

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17
Q

When assessing tenderness on the external ear, what are we looking for

A

Pain with otitis externa (auricle and tragus)
Pain with mastoiditis (mastoid process)

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18
Q

Most common CN II tests

A

Visual fields
Pupillary light reflex

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19
Q

Test for CN III, IV, and VI

A

“H” Test

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20
Q

Most common CN V test

A

Facial sensation
Corneal reflex

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21
Q

Most common CN VII test

A

Smile
Raise eyebrows
Clench eyes

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22
Q

Most common CN VIII test

A

Finger rub

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23
Q

Most common CN IX, X test

A

“AH” while observing soft palate

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24
Q

Most common CN XI test

A

Shoulder shrug
Turn head

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25
Q

Most common CN XII test

A

Stick out tongue

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26
Q

Scale of muscle strength

A

0-5
0 - no contraction
1 - barely detectable
2 - activation w/ gravity eliminated
3 - active movement against gravity
4 - active movement against gravity and resistance
5 - active movement against full resistance (normal)

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27
Q

What muscle and spinal level is tested with motor strength for abduction at shoulder

A

Deltoid
C5 - C6

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28
Q

What muscle and spinal level is tested with motor strength for elbow flexion

A

Biceps
C5 - C6

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29
Q

What muscle and spinal level is tested with motor strength for elbow extension

A

Triceps
C6 - C8

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30
Q

What spinal level is tested with motor strength for hand grip

A

C7 - T1 (includes C8)

31
Q

What muscle and spinal level is tested with motor strength for hip flexion

A

Iliopsoas
L2 - L4

32
Q

What muscles and spinal levels are tested with motor strength for knee flexion

A

Hamstrings
L4 - S2

33
Q

What muscle and spinal level is tested with motor strength for knee extension

A

Quadriceps
L2 - L4

34
Q

What spinal level is tested with motor strength for foot dorsiflexion

A

L4 - L5

35
Q

What spinal level is tested with motor strength for foot plantar flexion

A

S1

36
Q

Scale for reflex grading

A

0 - 4
0+ - absent
1+ - diminished
2+ - average
3+ - brisk but not pathologic
4+ - very brisk/hyperactive

37
Q

What does a hyperactive reflex indicate

A

Upper motor neuron lesion

38
Q

What does an absent reflex indicate

A

Lower motor neuron lesion

39
Q

Upper extremity reflexes are tested where and for what spinal levels

A

Biceps (C5-C6)
Brachioradialis (C6)
Triceps (C7)

40
Q

Lower extremity reflexes are tested where and for what spinal levels

A

Patellar (L4)
Achilles (S1)
Plantar response

41
Q

What is the Romberg test

A

Stand with feet together, arms crossed or at side. Eyes open and eyes closed to look for swaying/imbalance

42
Q

Which of the following is the most accurate measure of core body temperature

A

Rectal

43
Q

What is not part of the general survey

A

Temperature

44
Q

What is most closely associated with the sounds of turbulent blood flow

A

Korotkoff

45
Q

What respiratory rate is consistent with bradypnea

A

Less than 10/min

46
Q

What BMI is consistent with ectomorph

A

<18.5

47
Q

What BMI is consistent with mesomorph

A

18.6 - 24.9

48
Q

What BMI is consistent with endomorph

A

> 25

49
Q

If the initial BP reading is too high, what is the next alternative

A

Change arms

50
Q

What is the top number on the vision test

A

Standard 20 foot vision

51
Q

What is the bottom number on the vision test

A

Where a standard person would be able to see what the patient sees at 20 feet

52
Q

What is the best lighting during a fundoscopic exam

A

Dim

53
Q

Where are the hands placed while palpating the thyroid

A

Below cricoid cartilage

54
Q

What is the S1 heart sound

A

Tricuspid and mitral valve closure

55
Q

What is the S2 heart sound

A

Aortic and pulmonic valve closure

56
Q

Where is the aortic valve auscultated

A

Right second intercostal space at right sternal border

57
Q

Where is the pulmonic valve auscultated

A

Left second intercostal space at left sternal border

58
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve auscultated

A

Left fourth intercostal space at left sternal border

59
Q

Where is the mitral valve auscultated

A

Left fifth intercostal space at midclavicular line

60
Q

How many grades are there for murmurs

A

1 - 6

61
Q

What is a grade 1 murmur

A

Very faint, must “tune in”, may not be heard in all positions

62
Q

What is a grade 2 murmur

A

Quiet but heard immediately

63
Q

What is a grade 3 murmur

A

Moderately loud

64
Q

What is a grade 4 murmur

A

Loud with palpable thrill

65
Q

What is a grade 5 murmur

A

Very loud, with thrill, may be heard with stethoscope barely on chest

66
Q

What is a grade 6 murmur

A

Very loud, with thrill, may be heard with stethoscope entirely off chest

67
Q

Shapes of murmurs

A

Crescendo
Crescendo-decrescendo
Decrescendo
Plateau

68
Q

Sequence of thorax examination

A

Inspection
Palpation
Percussion
Auscultation

69
Q

What is indicative by hyperresonance when percussing thorax

A

Pathological -
COPD/emphysema
Pneumothorax

70
Q

What is indicative by dullness when percussing thorax

A

Over heart, liver, below diaphragm
Also heard with effusion or consolidation

71
Q

What is indicative by typmany when percussing thorax

A

Gastric bubble

72
Q

Types of breath sounds

A

Vesicular (lateral, distal lung)
Bronchovesicular (bronchial tree)
Bronchial (trachea, primary bronchials)

73
Q

Adventitial lung sounds

A

Crackles (course and fine)
Wheezes
Rhonchi

Noorda OMM (16 decks)

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