Voluntary Movements of Infancy

Question 1

voluntary movement

Answer 1

ultimate expression in the striated muscle of the integrated effects of a host of cortical and subcortical facility and inhibitory influences

Question 2

3 categories of movement

Answer 2

stability, locomotion, manipulation

Question 3

stability

Answer 3

head control, upright posture

Question 4

locomotion

Answer 4

creeping, crawling, walking

Question 5

Manipulation

Answer 5

reaching, grasping, releasing

Question 6

cephalocaudal pattern of development

Answer 6

head control, upper body control, lower body control

Question 7

Voluntary movements begin where?

Answer 7

the head

in a child:
control is evident by month 1
month 2: infant elevates head when prone
month 2-3: infant positions head from left to right or right to left when prone
month 5: infant elevates head when supine

Question 8

Creeping

Answer 8

precedes crawling

inefficient,

highly variable arm and leg movements

propel body forward

elevated trunk, lower body still drags on floor

Question 9

crawling

Answer 9

hands and knees, contralateral/homolateral pattern, body is elevated

more efficient

Question 10

walking

Answer 10

the culmination of the acquisition of voluntary movement

early walking does not necessarily refine or accelerate future skill performance

Question 11

phase 1 of manipulation/reaching

Answer 11

simultaneous reaching/grasping,

one handed reaching

visual initiation of the reach

visual control of the grasp

Question 12

phase 2 of manipulation/reaching

Answer 12

differentiated reaching and grasping

2 handed reaching

visual initiation and guidance of reach

tactile control of the grasp

Question 13

bimanual control

Answer 13

evident at 6-8 months,

complementary use of 2 hands to achieve a goal