Voluntary Motion and Basal Ganglia Flashcards
Areas of the cortex needed for voluntary motion: (5)
Primary motor cortex Supplementary motor cortex Pre-motor cortex Pre-frontal cortex Parietal cortex
Dorsal visual pathway
Axons from occipital cortex travel to parietal/frontal cortex.
Allows us to complete motor acts on visual input.
What areas of the parietal cortex is info from the visual cortex related? (4)
V6A
PEc
MIP
VIP
Role of VIP
To create a rough map of space around you and your target.
From the VIP (parietal cortex) where is info sent?
What does this area do?
F4.
Creates a detailed map of the space around you. It’s neurons are more excited by proximity.
From F4 to:
What is this area’s role? Where is it?
F2.
Receives visual info about where your arm is in space. It is in the pre-motor cortex.
From occipital lobe to F2 in the reaching phase: (4)
Occipital lobe –> parietal cortex (VIP) –> F4 –> F2
Role of the anterior intraparietal area and PFG
Has neurons that respond to seeing an object to grasp (visually dominant) and grasping the object (motor dominant) and both together (visuomotor dominant).
Where do anterior intraparietal area and PFG relay info?
What is this area’s role?
F5.
It’s neurons fire with the goal of action (to drink, to carry, etc, NOT necessarily the grip, but the goal).
What is the grasping pathway? (2 steps)
AIP and PFG to F5.
Roles of pre-motor cortex (4)
Receives sensory info required to move and applies the rules that determine whether it is OK to move.
Identifies the intent of the motion and decides what motion to produce.
2 divisions of the supplementary motor cortex and their jobs
SMC 3 main roles:
Supplementary motor area - postural control.
Pre-supplementary area - plans the motor program needed to make action occur.
SMC is involved in organizing, acquiring and executive control of motor skills.
Role of primary motor cortex
Control specific, fine motor movements and is arranged in columns.
Stimulation of an area in PMC that controls a fine motion may cause:
Contraction of a single muscle.
Stimulation of an area in PMC that controls a more general motion may cause:
Contraction of a group of muscles.
Which layer of the PMC receives sensory input?
Which layer becomes output for the corticospinal pathway?
Layer 4.
Layer 5.
Why is there 2 sets of neurons in each column of the PMC?
One is needed to start the motion and another to maintain it.
Neighboring columns in PMC control:
Related motions, not neighboring muscles.
2 kinds of columns in PMC
On/off for agonist muscle.
On/off for antagonist muscle.
Roles of cerebellum in motion (4)
Sequence of complex actions.
Correct force/direction.
Balance and eye movements.
Learning complex actions
What part of the cerebellum plans future movements?
Vestibulocerebellum
Inputs to vermis of spinocerebellum (4)
Outputs from vermis of spinocerebellum (2) going where?
Vestibular, visual, auditory, efferent copy (what brain sends to muscle).
Interpositus n. and fastigial n. to rubrospinal tract.
What areas of the spinocerebellum correct motion ongoing motions and control ballistic motions?
Lateral regions of spinocerebellum.
Inputs to paravermal region of spinocerebellum (2)
Outputs (1) going where?
Muscle afferent and efferent copy.
Interpositus nucleus to rubrospinal tract.
