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Neuroscience I Exam #3 > Neuroanatomy of Taste and Olfaction > Flashcards

Neuroanatomy of Taste and Olfaction Flashcards

1
Q

Olfactory fila

What do they become?

A

Bundles of the olfactory receptor neurons before theu pass thru the cribiform plate.

CN I

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2
Q

Where does olfactory discrimination begin?

A

In the olfactory epithelium.

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3
Q

What is the “receptor map”?

A

A map of ORNS (that only express 1 type of odorant receptor) and are distributed within the epithelium.

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4
Q

What attaches the brain to the olfactory bulb?

A

Olfactory tract

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5
Q

What does the olfractory tract contain? (3)

A

Fibers of lateral olfactory tract.
Cells of anterior olfactory nucleus.
Fibers of the anterior limb of anterior commissure.

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6
Q

How do centrifugal fibers reach the olfactory bulb?

What is their function?

A

Via the anterior commissure.

Modulate the function of olfactory microcircuits at glomerulus.

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7
Q

5 layers of olfactory tract (superficial to deep)

A
  1. Olfactory n. layer
  2. Glomerular layer
  3. External plexiform layer
  4. Mitral cell layer
  5. Granule cell layer
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8
Q

Which cells of the olfactory tract are inhibitory?

A 
Granule cell (principle interneuron)
Periglomerular cell
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9
Q

What do glomerular cells synapse with?

What are they known as together?

A

Mitral and tufted cells.

Outflow tract of the olfactory tract (lateral olfactory tract).

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10
Q

External plexiform layer contains which cells? (3)

A

Tufted cells (and their dendrites), mitral cells, granule cells.

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11
Q

Which cells of the olfactory tract do not have axons?

A

Granule cells

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12
Q

What forms the lateral olfactory tract?

A

Axons of mitral and tufted cells.

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13
Q

Where does the olfactory bulb project?

A

To the olfactory cortex in telencephalon. NOT the thalamus.

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14
Q

Parts of the olfactory cortex (6)

A 
Anterior olfactory nucleus
Olfactory tubercle
Piriform cortex
Anterior cortical amygdaloid nucleus
Periamygdaloid cortex
Lateral entorhinal cortex
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15
Q

Where does the anterior olfactory nucleus project? (2)

A

BL olfactory bulb

CL anterior olfactory nucleus

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16
Q

What are the major olfactory cortical projections?

A

Insular cortex
Orbitofrontal cortex
Dorsomedial nucleus (thalamus)

17
Q

Orbitofrontal cortex’s job

A

Integration of olfactory, taste and food-related cues that give an experience of flavors.

18
Q

Where do the olfactory cortical projections go (after the cortex)? What do they do?

A

Lateral hypothalamus (feeding behavior) and hippocampus (olfactory input to learning and behavior).

19
Q

Anosmia

Hyposmia/Olfactory hypesthesia:
What is it associated with?

A

Loss of smell.

Decreased sensitivity to odorants. Nasal polyps.

20
Q

What does greater superficial petrosal n. innervate?

A

Taste buds on soft palate

21
Q

Where are cell bodies of CN VII for taste?

A

Geniculate nucleus

22
Q

Where are cell bodies of CN IX and X for taste?

A

Petrosal and nodose ganglia

23
Q

What branch of CN IX innervates the posterior tongue?

What branch of CN X innervates the epiglottis and esophagus?

A

Lingual-tonsillar branch

Superior laryngeal n.

24
Q

What is the peripheral pathway for CN VII?

A

Enter brainstem at pontomedullary junction via internediate n. –> solitary tract –> gustatory nucleus (of solitary nucleus)

25
Q

What is the peripheral pathway for CN IX and X?

A

Enter medulla and travel in solitary tract and terminate in gustatory nucleus (of solitary nucleus).

26
Q

2nd order neurons in central taste pathway

A

Travel IL from the gustatory nucleus in the central tegmental tract to the VPMpc.

27
Q

3rd order neurons in central taste pathway

A

From VPMpc in the posterior limb to inner portion of frontal operculum and anterior insular cortex (Bordmann area 3b).

28
Q

Lesions of root of CN VII

A

Loss of taste to anterior 2/3 of tongue.

IL face paralysis, hyperacusis (due to paralysis of stapedius m.) and impaired glandular secretion.

29
Q

Damage of CN VII distal to geniculate ganglion

A

May or may not have taste loss, but will have IL facial paralysis.

30
Q

Aguesia

Hypogeusia

Parageusia

A

Complete loss of taste.

Decreased sensitivity to taste.

Distortions in perception of taste (from drugs, etc).

31
Q

G olf

CNGC

A

G olf is GPCR that an odorant binds.

CNGC is the channel that cAMP binds and allows for depolarization.

Neuroscience I Exam #3 (14 decks)

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