Basal Ganglia

Question 1

Caudate functions (2)

Answer 1

Eye movements

Cognition

Question 2

Putamen is needed for:

Answer 2

Motor function

Question 3

Striatum includes:

Answer 3

Caudate

Putamen

Question 4

Lenticular nucleus includes:

Answer 4

Putamen

Globus pallidus

Question 5

Pars reticulata

Pars compacta

Answer 5

PR - outflow

PC - inflow

Question 6

Ansa lenticularis goes ______ posterior limb of internal capsule.

Answer 6

Underneath

Question 7

Lenticular fasciculus goes ______ posterior limb of internal capsule.

Answer 7

Through

Question 8

4 basic steps of inflow and outflow of basal ganglia

Answer 8

1. Cerebral cortex
2. Striatum
3. Output nuclei
4. Thalamus

Question 9

Major output nuclei (2)

Answer 9

Globus pallidus (internal)
Pars reticulata

Question 10

Oculomotor loop is used for:

Answer 10

Control of saccadic eye movements

Question 11

Associative loop is used for:

Answer 11

Cognition and executive function.

Question 12

Limbic loop is used for:

Answer 12

Motivational regulation of behavior and in emotion.

Question 13

Parkinson’s disease cause:

Symptoms:

Treatment:

Answer 13

Substantia nigra do not release enough DA onto basal ganglia.

Tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, or hypokinesia.

L-dopa

Question 14

Hypokinetic disorders occur when there is too much ________ and too little ________.

Answer 14

Too much indirect pathway and too little direct pathway.

Question 15

Akinesis

Answer 15

Delay in initiation or starting movement.

Question 16

Bradykinesis

Answer 16

Prolonged execution of movements.

Question 17

Huntington’s disease cause:

Sx:

Treatment:

Answer 17

Death of neurons in the striatum and cerebral cortex resulting in low GABA.

Sx: involuntary jerky, rapid motions, dementia, slurred speech.

Tetrabenazine

Question 18

Chorea

Answer 18

Spontaneous jerky, rapid, involunary motions.

Question 19

Athetosis

Answer 19

Snake-like movements.

Question 20

Hemiballismus

What causes it?

Answer 20

Occurs on one side. Flailing movements of an entire extermity.

Lesions of CL subthalamic nucleus.

Question 21

Dystonia

Answer 21

Uncontrolled muscle contractions.

Question 22

BS to caudate:
Putamen, GP:
Substantia nigra:

Answer 22

BS to caudate: medial striate a.
Putamen, GP: lenticulostriate a.
Substantia nigra: paramedian branches of basilar a.