Basal Ganglia Flashcards
Caudate functions (2)
Eye movements
Cognition
Putamen is needed for:
Motor function
Striatum includes:
Caudate
Putamen
Lenticular nucleus includes:
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Pars reticulata
Pars compacta
PR - outflow
PC - inflow
Ansa lenticularis goes ______ posterior limb of internal capsule.
Underneath
Lenticular fasciculus goes ______ posterior limb of internal capsule.
Through
4 basic steps of inflow and outflow of basal ganglia
- Cerebral cortex
- Striatum
- Output nuclei
- Thalamus
Major output nuclei (2)
Globus pallidus (internal) Pars reticulata
Oculomotor loop is used for:
Control of saccadic eye movements
Associative loop is used for:
Cognition and executive function.
Limbic loop is used for:
Motivational regulation of behavior and in emotion.
Parkinson’s disease cause:
Symptoms:
Treatment:
Substantia nigra do not release enough DA onto basal ganglia.
Tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, or hypokinesia.
L-dopa
Hypokinetic disorders occur when there is too much ________ and too little ________.
Too much indirect pathway and too little direct pathway.
Akinesis
Delay in initiation or starting movement.
Bradykinesis
Prolonged execution of movements.
Huntington’s disease cause:
Sx:
Treatment:
Death of neurons in the striatum and cerebral cortex resulting in low GABA.
Sx: involuntary jerky, rapid motions, dementia, slurred speech.
Tetrabenazine
Chorea
Spontaneous jerky, rapid, involunary motions.
Athetosis
Snake-like movements.
Hemiballismus
What causes it?
Occurs on one side. Flailing movements of an entire extermity.
Lesions of CL subthalamic nucleus.
Dystonia
Uncontrolled muscle contractions.
BS to caudate:
Putamen, GP:
Substantia nigra:
BS to caudate: medial striate a.
Putamen, GP: lenticulostriate a.
Substantia nigra: paramedian branches of basilar a.
