Voluntary Motion And Basal Ganglia - 4/26 Karius Flashcards
Information from VIP goes to where?
Fx?
F4
Creates a detailed map of the space around you (excited by proximity)
What does the superior parietal cortex do?
Provides information about where you are in space
Input from superior parietal cortex goes where?
Fx?
F2
Map of where your arm is in relationship to your body and the things around you
The anterior intraparietal area and PFG contains neurons that respond to?
Seeing an object to grasp (visually Dom)
Grapsing an object (motor Dom)
Either condition (visuomotor neurons)
The anterior intraparietal area and PFG relay their info to where?
F5
What do the F5 neurons fire with?
The goal NOT the motor act
The Premotor cortex receives sensory info from where?
Fx?
F4 and F5 - the ventral parts
IDs the intent of the motion and decides what motion to produce
The dorsal part of the Premotor cortex does what?
Applies the rules that determine whether it is appropriate to move
The supplementary motor area (SMA) is responsible for what?
Pre-SMA responsible for what?
Postural control
Plans the motor program required to make the action occur
Fx of the supplementary motor cortex?
Organize motor sequences and acquire motor skills
Executive control (switch strategies)
Give 3 characteristics about the primary motor cortex
Precentral gyrus
Controls specific movements
Arranged in columns
What layer of the primary motor cortex receives sensory input (Muscle and joint proprio)?
Layer 4
What layer becomes the output for the corticospinal (pyramidal) pathway?
Layer 5
What are the 2 kinds of columns?
On/off for agonist muscle
Off/on for the antagonist muscle
What are the roles of the cerebellum?
Sequence complex actions
Correct force/direction
Balance and eye movements
Learning of complex actions
Where is the spinocerebellum located?
Fx?
Centrally on either side of the vermis
Central - postural control
Either side - Force and direction
Where is the cerebrocerebellum located?
Fx?
Lateral regions
Plan complex motions
Sequence
Whereas the vestibulocerebellum?
Fx?
bottom
Balance/eye movements that are PLANNED (future)
Outputs from cerebellum are via where?
Deep cerebellar nuclei
What is the sensory info to the vermis of the spinocerebellum?
Outputs to where?
Vestibular, auditory, and efferent copy
FIR
Fastigial n, Interpositus n., to rubrospinal tract
The lateral part of the spinocerebellum controls what?
Also what?
Force and direction
Ballistic motions
Inputs to lateral parts of spinocerebellum?
Outputs?
Muscle afferent and efferent copy
Interpositus n. To rubrospinal tract
Cerebrocerebellum controls what?
Inputs from where?
Outputs to where?
Complex motions and sequencing of rapid movements
Cereberal cortex
Dentate n. Back to cortex
Input to vestibulocerebellum?
Outputs?
Vestibular apparatus (Direct or indirect)
Fastigial n. To vestibular n.
Can ascend or descend
What part of the brain creates a rough map of the space around you?
VIP (ventral intra parietal area)
Basal ganglia are involved in what?
Planning and programming of movement
Initiation of movement
What makes up the striatum?
Receives what?
Putamen and caudate nucleus
Inputs to the basal ganglia
From the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system where is input coming from?
Going to where?
Effects?
SNPC
Nuclei to striatum
D1(+) and D2(-)
The intrastriatal cholinergic system is between what?
Release what?
Effect?
Nuclei of the striatum
ACh
Excitatory
The Striatonigral GABA-ergic pathway is from where to where?
Aka?
Leads to what?
From striatum to the SNPR and GPi
Direct pathway
Initiation of movement
Information leaves the basal ganglia via what?
SNPR and GPi
Where do the SNPR and GPi project to?
Release what?
Thalamus
GABA
Where does the striatum receive inputs from?
Cortex via corticostriate tract (EAA)
What pathway is tonically active?
What nt?
Nigrostriatal from SNPC
DA
In which pathway is the SNPR and GPi inhibited?
What is released?
End result?
Direct
Less GABA in the thalamus
Thalamus excites cortex, initiates movement
With activation of the indirect pathway there is more what?
What is inhibited?
Excitation of SNPR and GPi and more GABA released in the thalamus
Thalamus is inhibited
In the indirect pathway, where do striatal neurons synapse?
What happens?
GPe
Release more GABA and activity in GPe is DEC
Where do GPe neurons synapse?
Since GPe neurons are less active what happens?
Subthalamic nucleus
LESS inhibition of subthalamic nucleus (uses EAA)
Where do neurons from the subthalamic nucleus synapse?
What happens when they are more active?
SNPR
More EAA released
What does the SNPR and GPi do when over-activated?
Release more GABA and inhibits the thalamus
Therefore no motion
2 major fx of association cortex?
Planning of complex motor actions
Carrying out thought processes
