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COM - Neuro Test 3 > Physiology Of Pain - 4/19 Karius > Flashcards

Physiology Of Pain - 4/19 Karius Flashcards

1
Q

How can pain be characterized by location?

A

Deep
Muscle
Visceral
Somatic/cutaneous

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2
Q

Adelta fiber characteristics?

A

Small, sparsely myelinated

Fast and sharp pain

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3
Q

C fibers characteristics?

A

Unmyelinated fibers associated with dull pain

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4
Q

Nociceptive are sensitive to what?

What additional types?

A

Thermal and mechanical stimuli

Silent/sleeping

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5
Q

Mixed modality nociceptors express what?

A

Mechanosensitive Na+ channel (SCN9A or Na1.7)

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6
Q

Mutations in what channel lead to an absence of pain sensation?

Additional mutation may produce what?

A

SCN9A or Na1.7

Paroxysmal pain syndrome

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7
Q

Nociceptors express what kind of receptors?

What do they do?

A

Ligand-gated

Alter the sensitivity of the nociceptors to input

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8
Q

What do the nociceptors include receptors for?

A

Substance P
Kinins (bradykinin)
ATP
H+

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9
Q

How can pain be characterized?

A

Fast pain (sharp)

Slow pain (dull)

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10
Q

A delta fibers release what kind of nt?

Act on what?

Associated with what kind of pain?

A

EAA

Non-NMDA receptors

Fast pain

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11
Q

What nts are released by C fibers?

What kind of pain?

A

Substance P
EAA

Slow pain

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12
Q

Visceral afferents travel with what?

A

Autonomic nerves

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13
Q

What parts of the brain play a role in localizing the pain?

A

S1 and S2

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14
Q

This part of the brain is particularly important in the interpretation of nociceptive inputs

A

Insular cortex

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15
Q

Fx of insular cortex?

A

Processes info about the internal state of the body

Contributes to the autonomic response to the pain

Integrates all signals related to the pain (asymbolia)

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16
Q

Where else do many nociceptive inputs go to?

A

Amygdala

17
Q

The amygdala is particularly important for activating/producing what?

A

Emotional components inherent in the sensation of pain

18
Q

Visceral nociceptors have synapses where?

Associated with what physiological changes?

A

Hypothalamus and medulla

Diaphoresis and altered BP

19
Q

This theory is based on the observation that other somatic input can alleviate pain…

A

Gate Theory

20
Q

1st step in the gate theory of pain involves what kind of fiber?

Branches/travels where?

A

ABeta fiber

Travels via dorsal columns but also branches within the spinal cord

21
Q

Step 2 of the gate theory involves ABeta fiber releasing what that activates what?

A

EAA that activates inhibitory interneurons in the spinal cord

22
Q

Step 3 Of the gate theory involves the interneuron doing what?

A

Inhibitory interneuron releases glycine to inhibit the activity of the 2nd order neuron in the pain pathway

23
Q

What is activated in step 1 of the descending mechanism?

Activated by what?

A

Neurons in the Periaqueductal Gray

EAA, opiates, cannibinoids

24
Q

Axons from the PAG neurons travel where?

Release what?

These activate what?

A

Midline Raphe nuclei

Enkephalins (Leu and Met)

Raphe neurons (mu receptors)

25
Q

Axons from the Raphe neurons travel where to release what?

Activating what?

Causing what?

A

Spinal cord to release serotonin

Inhibitory interneurons

Release opiates

26
Q

Opiates released by the interneuron active what? Where?

A

Mu receptors on the presynaptic terminal of the C fiber

27
Q

Opiates released from the interneuron produce what?

A

Pre-synaptic inhibition that reduces the release of Substance P from the nociceptors and reduces pain transmission

28
Q

Deep pain is associated with what kind of fibers?

With what parts of the body?

What special feature?

A

C fibers

Periosteum, ligaments

Muscle spasm

29
Q

Cause of muscle pain?

Source?

Types of associated pain?

A

Injury or ischemia during contraction

A delta and C type

Fast and slow pain

30
Q

Visceral pain has what type of receptors?

Opened by what?

A

C type (Group IV)

Stretch receptors (distention), often referred

31
Q

Referred pain from heart attack in men goes where?

A

Left arm
Left shoulder
Jaw

COM - Neuro Test 3 (17 decks)

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