Volcanos and Earthquakes

Question 1

Constructive Volcano

Answer 1

Creates new crust

Question 2

Destructive Volcano

Answer 2

Climate, surrounding areas are destroyed by pyroclastic flow, lava

Question 3

Pyroclastic Flow (size-l-s)

Answer 3

1. Volcanic ash
2. Lapilli
3. Volcanic Bombs
4. Volcanic Blocks

Question 4

What makes magma explosive?

Answer 4

When the magma moves quickly to the surface, pressure decreases and water stays dissolved in the magma. Water becomes a gas and as the gases expand an explosion can occur

Question 5

High Viscosity

Answer 5

Slow, stiff (Pahoehoe, Blocky)

Question 6

Low Viscosity

Answer 6

Faster, more fluid (Aa, pillow)

Question 7

Explosive Eruptions

Answer 7

Along the ring of fire (Mayon Volcanos, Aleution Islands)

Question 8

Non-Explosive Eruptions

Answer 8

On seafloor and northwest regions of the U.S. (Mid atlantic ridge, Kilauea)

Question 9

Shield Volcano

Answer 9

Built of layers of lava from nonexplosive eruptions, non steep sides can be enormous

Question 10

Cinder Cone Volcano

Answer 10

Built of pyroclastic material produced from moderately explosive eruptions, steep slopes, occur in clusters

Question 11

Composite/Strato Volcano

Answer 11

Form from explosive eruptions of pyroclastic material followed by quieter flows of lava, forms alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic material, broad bases and sides get steeper at the top, most common

Question 12

Vent

Answer 12

Opening at the surface of the earth, through which volcanic material passes

Question 13

Caldera

Answer 13

Forms when the roof a magma chamber collapses

Question 14

Yellowstone National Park

Answer 14

2.2 million acres, the whole park is on top of a huge hotspot, on continental crust, blows up every 600,000 years, it blew up 630,000 years ago

Question 15

How to explosive eruptions affect global climate change?

Answer 15

Pyroclastic material goes into the atmosphere and blocks the sun

Question 16

Vesuvios

Answer 16

One of the few places where you can still see the remains of a natural disaster, debris fell for 2 days

Question 17

Pelee

Answer 17

2 french survivors/ 350,00, blew up all sides of the volcano

Question 18

Tambora

Answer 18

Ash covered 1 million miles

Question 19

Santorini

Answer 19

Had an ash layer of 30 in.

Question 20

Krakatoa

Answer 20

Largest sound ever recorded on Earth

Question 21

Where do earthquakes occur?

Answer 21

Tectonic plate boundaries, 80% near the Pacific

Question 22

Fault

Answer 22

A break in the Earth’s crust along which blocks of the crust slide relative to one another

Question 23

Elastic Rebound

Answer 23

Sudden return of elastically deformed rock to its undeformed shape

Question 24

P-Waves

Answer 24

Primary, can pass through solids, liquids, and gases on the entire Earth, fastest, back and forth motion

Question 25

S-Waves

Answer 25

Secondary, can pass through solids, 2nd fastest, side to side motion

Question 26

L-Waves

Answer 26

Surface, travel on the Earths surface, slow, most destructive,up and down motion

Question 27

Seismograph

Answer 27

Instrument located at or near the Earth’s surface to record seismic waves

Question 28

Seismogram

Answer 28

Tracing of earthquake motion created by seismographs

Question 29

Triangulation

Answer 29

Locating 3 seismograph stations and finding the radius to draw a circle around each point. The point where they all meet is the epicenter

Question 30

Epicenter

Answer 30

Closest point to the focus on the Earth’s surface

Question 31

Richter

Answer 31

Measures strength (magnitude), measures ground motion and adjusts to find the strength, based on a factor of 10 for each level

Question 32

Modified Mercalli

Answer 32

Measures intensity, measures in Roman Numerals I-XII (1-12), people take surveys to judge intensity, indicated total damage to an area

Question 33

Deformation

Answer 33

Rocks changing shape due to stress from tectonic motion

Question 34

Magnitude

Answer 34

Measures the strength of the ground motion

Question 35

What structure forms as tectonic plates separate?

Answer 35

Rift Zone

Question 36

When continental and oceanic crust collide what happens?

Answer 36

Oceanic crust sinks