Volcanoes Lecture Flashcards
Volcanoes:
Openings in the Earth’s crust through which molten rock, ash, and gases are ejected during volcanic eruptions
Human Society:
The collective behavior, relationships, and interactions of human beings in a community.
Fertile Soil:
Soil that is rich in nutrients and suitable for plant growth.
Volcanic Eruptions:
The sudden release of gases, lava, and ash from a volcano, often resulting in various hazards such as pyroclastic flows, ash clouds, and lahars.
Mount Vesuvius:
A volcano located in Italy known for its eruption in 79 AD, which buried the Roman towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum.
Types of Volcanoes:
Different classifications of volcanoes based on their shape, size, and eruption style, such as
1-shield volcanoes
2-stratovolcanoes
3-cinder cone volcanoes
Hotspots:
Areas where volcanic activity occurs away from tectonic plate boundaries, often attributed to mantle plumes.
Plate Tectonics:
The theory that Earth’s outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle, causing earthquakes, volcanic activity, and the formation of mountains.
Pacific Ring of Fire:
A region around the Pacific Ocean known for its high volcanic and seismic activity due to the movement and interaction of tectonic plates.
Subduction Zones:
Areas where one tectonic plate is forced beneath another into the mantle, often leading to volcanic arcs and earthquakes.
Viscosity
Resistance to float
High viscosity
1- can float or no
2- temperature
3-volatile
4- silica content
1- they can’t float
2- cooler
3- more volatile
4- felsic and intermediate
Lower Viscosity
1- can float or no
2- temperature
3-volatile
4- silica content
1- can float
2- higher
3- less volatile
4- mafic and ultramafic
What process leads to the formation of single pockets in the mantle ?
Formation of single pockets (hot spot) in the mantel can lead to volcanic activity when magma reaches the earth’s surface
What’s the lithosphere, and how does it interact with magma to form volcanoes?
The lithosphere is earths outer layer, including the crust and upper mantle.when magma from the mantle reaches the lithosphere, it can erupt to form volcanoes
Are volcanoes evenly distributed across the earth’s surface?
No, volcanoes are not evenly distributed. Many are concentrated along coastline, particularly around the Pacific Ocean, and at subduction zones where tectonic plates converge
What is subduction, and how does it relate to the formation of hot spot volcanoes?
Subduction refers to one tectonic plate moving beneath another. Hot spot volcanoes often form over mantle plumes because lithospheric plates
Where is Yellowstone national park located, and what geological features does it sit atop?
Yellowstone national park is situated atop a super volcano, which has experienced multiple volcanic eruptions in the past and exhibits intermittent activity
Where’s Hawaii located, and what geologic features has been building on its islands?
Hawaii is situated on a massive hot spot in the Pacific Ocean, and volcanic activity associated with this hot spot has been building the Hawaiian island over millions of years
How do plate movements can influence the location and type of volcanic activity?
Tectonic plate movement can influence the location and type of volcanic activity. When a plate moves over a hot spot, it can create a chain of volcanic islands
What factors influence the exclusivity of volcanic eruptions?
Factors such as magma viscosity, the presence of volatile, and the type of magma influence volcanic explosively. Shield volcanoes, like those in Hawai, typically have low explosively
Why are volcanic areas a good place to live in?
They make fertile soil, which helps with producing good crops.
