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Geology > Test 1 (Lectures 1-3) pt. 1 > Flashcards

Test 1 (Lectures 1-3) pt. 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is geology?

A

Study of the solid earth and the environment around it

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2
Q

What are some ways geologists study the Earth?

A
  • Formation and composition of the planet
  • Monitoring how the Earth evolves through time
  • Locating and extracting mineral resources
  • Causes/effects of natural disasters (i.e.
    earthquakes, floods, landslides, etc.)
  • Evolution of life
  • Changing of Earth’s climate through time
  • Groundwater flow through the subsurface
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3
Q

How old is the Earth?

A

4.5 billion years old

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4
Q

How did life on Earth start?

A

It came from the life and the death of stars

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5
Q

How long ago did the Big Bang theory happen?

A

13.8 billion years ago

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6
Q

All of the elements up to iron can be made in stars in a process called

A

Stellar nucleosynthesis

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7
Q

Stellar nucleosynthesis formed elements up to …?

A

Iron (Fe; atomic number 26)

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8
Q

Elements with atomic number larger than 26 formed during the …..?

A

Supernovae

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9
Q

Most of nebula is formed up on what gases?

A

Hydrogen and helium

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10
Q

What is an accretionary disk?

A

A disk of things that are starting to stick together

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11
Q

What does the word “proto” stand for?

A

It means before

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12
Q

What does the Earth’s internal structure consist of?

A
  • Crust
  • Mantle
  • Outer Core
  • Inner Core
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13
Q

What are the four innermost planets called?

A

The terrestrial planets

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14
Q

What does refectory planets move toward?

A

They move towards the Sun

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15
Q

What are the 4 terrestrial planets?

A

Mercury, Earth, Venus, and Mars

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16
Q

What kind of texture do terrestrial planets have?

A

A rocky texture

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17
Q

What are the 4 gas planets?

A

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune

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18
Q

How far do you have to dig to get to a tectonic plate?

A

0; you’re standing on one

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19
Q

What drives geologic phenomenon?

A

Internal and external processes

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20
Q

What model seems to have the most evidence regarding the formation of the moon?

A

The Impactor model

21
Q

How was the Moon formed?

A

It formed from the debris when a protoplanet collided with Earth

22
Q

The Earth’s atmosphere consists of what kind of gases…?

A
  • 78% of Nitrogen
  • 22% of Oxygen
23
Q

Most of iron is found in which part of the Earth?

A

The core

24
Q

What major elements make up the composition/mass of the Earth?

A
  • Iron
  • Oxygen
  • Silicon
25
Q

What is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust?

A

Oxygen followed by silica then aluminum

26
Q

What are most abundant elements in the Earth’s mantle?

A

Magnesium, silicon, and oxygen

27
Q

What is the largest layer of the Earth?

A

The mantle

28
Q

What is the densest layer of the Earth?

A

The core

29
Q

All of the crust of the Earth is contained in the …..?

A

Lithosphere

30
Q

The crust and the upper mantle make up the ……?

A

Lithosphere

31
Q

The asthenosphere is part of the ….?

A

Mantle

32
Q

The mantle is mostly….?

A

Solid

33
Q

Convection in the mantle transfers heat from ____ to the ___

A

Interior; surface

34
Q

What is an important characteristic when determining what makes up a tectonic plate versus what makes up the layer beneath it?

A

Whether it breaks or bends

35
Q

The crust and mantle are based on….?

A

Composition

36
Q

What are the units of density?

A

Mass is divided by volume. It’s usually either grams divided by centimeters cubed or kilograms divided by mass cubed.

37
Q

The seismic waves of the earth help us understand what…?

A

It helps us understand what’s happening beneath the layers of the Earth

38
Q

What helps generate the magnetic field around the Earth?

A

Convection in the liquid outer core generates the Earth’s magnetic field

39
Q

What is a theory?

A

A supposition with evidence to support that argument. It’s essentially a hypothesis that has been tested and validated multiple times

40
Q

What is one of the evidence of continental drift?

A

Fossils are found in different regions of the earth, which explains the occurrence of the same species on different continents

41
Q

Who initially thought of the idea of continental drift?

A

Wegner

42
Q

What was a significant event in 1941?

A

World War II

43
Q

What was one of the technology that came out during World War II?

A

The use of sonar, which helped map the ocean floor

44
Q

What is the abyssal plane?

A

It’s the flat, deep part of the ocean

45
Q

In the abyssal plane the middle ridge tends to be a little higher than usual, what is that part referred to?

A

The mid-ocean ridge

46
Q

What are the two different types of crust?

A
  • Continental crust
  • Oceanic crust
47
Q

Which crust is thicker and less denser?

A

Continental crust

48
Q

Which crust in thinner and more denser?

A

Oceanic crust

49
Q

Where are the oldest rocks found?

A

They’re found in Greenland

Geology (19 decks)

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