volcanic - MONTSERRAT

Question 1

volcano name

Answer 1

Chance Peak, Soufriere Hills

Question 2

years of discontinuous eruptions

Answer 2

1995-2000

Question 3

montserrat plate boundary

Answer 3

destructive - North and South American plates sliding below Caribbean plate

Question 4

death and injury

Answer 4

19 dead (1997), over 100 injured

Question 5

impact on infrastructure

Answer 5

bramble airport and ports closed

Question 6

impacts of ash

Answer 6

buried Plymouth
75% of the island covered
destroyed farmland

Question 7

population

Answer 7

before eruption: 12,000
today: under 5,000

Question 8

evacuation

Answer 8

50% of population were evacuated north to live in makeshift shelters

Question 9

british help

Answer 9

£41 million in relief aid
£75 million for long term development
citizens offered a chance to migrate to England and live in Moss Side council housing

Question 10

the “… plate subducts beneath the … plate”

Answer 10

North American Plate subducts beneath the Caribbean Plate

Question 11

part of the … island chain

Answer 11

Lesser Antilles

Question 12

Plymouth

Answer 12

capital of Montserrat, suffering damaged homes, schools, places of business and the only airport and hospital; this was due to lahars and pyroclastic flows.
was home to over 1/3 population.
plymouth is now covered in ash and has been abandoned

Question 13

an … was built to monitor volcanic activity. 24/7 using GPS

Answer 13

observatory

Question 14

there is an … around the volcano, which includes Plymouth

Answer 14

exclusion zone

Question 15

a long-term response includes the focusing of developing in … of the island

Answer 15

north

Question 16

size of the island “.. by …” km (smaller number first)

Answer 16

10 by 16

Question 17

financial and humanitarian aid was provided by the …, of which Montserrat is an overseas territory

Answer 17

UK

Question 18

a short term response included the … of Plymouth

Answer 18

evacuation

Question 19

tourism

Answer 19

accounted for a quarter of the islands income and unemployment rose sharply as this industry collapsed in the short-term

Question 20

2005, a new … was opened in the North of the Island

Answer 20

airport

Question 21

date of first eruption

Answer 21

18th june 1995

Question 22

amount of vegetation destroyed by ash, lahars and pyroclastic flow

Answer 22

1/3

Question 23

name of the new capital

Answer 23

little bay

Question 24

jobs generated by new development

Answer 24

600

Question 25

what type of volcanoes are most of the islands

Answer 25

most of the islands are composite volcanoes, formed as a result of previous eruptions

Question 26

what happened one month after the eruption

Answer 26

evacuation in the south, residents were moved to churches and halls in
north of the island

Question 27

april 1996

Answer 27

entire population was forced to leave the capital – Plymouth

Question 28

eruption happened

Answer 28

25, June 1997

Question 29

what happened during the eruption

Answer 29

dome of volcano collapses, sending 5 million cubic metres of hot rocks and gases down
its sides.

Question 30

what was the south of the island covered in

Answer 30

south of island was covered in pyroclastic flows of hot ash, rocks, boulders and lahars

Question 31

fires started due to pyroclastic flows and killed …..

Answer 31

19 people

Question 32

how many houses were buried by ash/flattened by rocks

Answer 32

2/3

Question 33

what happened to the airport

Answer 33

completely destroyed

Question 34

other statistics

Answer 34

farmland, vegetation and ¾ of all other infrastructure was destroyed
more than ½ of the population was evacuated to Antigua, the US and UK

Question 35

short term responses

Answer 35

montserrat volcano observatory was set up in 1995
exclusion zones were defined in the south of the island
NGOs set up temporary schools and provided medical support and food
warning systems were set up to alert inhabitants
troops from the US and the British Navy came to aid the evacuation process.

Question 36

what was so good about the montserrat volcano observatory

Answer 36

predicted the eruption on 25 June 1997

Question 37

example of an NGO that helped

Answer 37

red cross

Question 38

examples of the warning systems set up

Answer 38

sirens, speaker systems and via the media

Question 39

how much was paid in aid and what was it used for

Answer 39

£17 million in aid paid for temporary buildings and water purification systems

Question 40

long term responses

Answer 40

3 year redevelopment programme
granting of full residency in UK
exclusion zones remained

Question 41

what was included in the 3 year development programme

Answer 41

3 year development programme for houses, schools and medical services etc. was funded by
the UK

Question 42

what happened in 1998

Answer 42

people of Monserrat granted full residency rights in the UK, allowing them to choose if
they’d like to migrate

Question 43

what happened in 2005

Answer 43

many people had moved back, but the south remained an exclusion zone
the population is less than half of what it was in 1995 = 5250

Question 44

when did vegetation start to regrow

Answer 44

as ash, lava and lahar deposits break down

Question 45

fertile soil allowed for ….

Answer 45

land to be used again for cash crops such as cotton

Question 46

how much of the island remained as an exclusion zone

Answer 46

2/3

Question 47

when are warning sirens tested

Answer 47

daily
12:00 noon

Question 48

what has uk financial aid exceeded

Answer 48

exceeded £420 million since 1995