fire - ALBERTA Flashcards

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1
Q

When did it happen?

A

May 2016

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2
Q

How many were evacuated from Fort McMurray?
(responses)

A

88,000

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3
Q

How many hectares were burnt?

A

600,000

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4
Q

Where did it occur?

A

Alberta Province, Canada. Near City of Fort McMurray

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5
Q

were there casualties

A

none

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6
Q

Wind (causes)

A

A shift in strong wind direction helped push the fire to the outskirts of Fort McMurray

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7
Q

Embers (causes)

A

wind-carried embers showed ‘spotting’ and continued the fire in other locations

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8
Q

what is ‘spotting’ from firebrands?

A

spotting ignites fires in patches, way before the fire front
> example of firebrands is embers

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9
Q

environmental conditions (causes)

A

lack of snowfall and early snow melt warmer than average temperatures
=dry ground, unseasonably warm and dry month (32.8 degrees)

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10
Q

what was the fire known as

A

the beast

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11
Q

el nino effect (causes)

A

el nino caused warm and dry conditions and extended fire season

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12
Q

ecosystem (impacts)

A

-scorched soil
-burnt trees
- soil nutrient stores depleted

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13
Q

peat (impacts)

A

-dry peat soil susceptible to re-ignition

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14
Q

CO2 (impacts, env)

A

released millions of tonnes of CO2 into the atmosphere
>also mercury and lead traces found in USA

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15
Q

water pollution (impact)

A

large amounts of ash washed into the water courses and contaminated aquatic ecosystems

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16
Q

buildings burnt (impact, social)

A

2,400 buildings burnt down

17
Q

anxiety (impact, social)

A

increases in behavioural anxiety about the future

18
Q

power/water (impacts, social)

A

power supplies restricted and water contaminated

19
Q

insurance on Fort McMurray (impact, economic)

A

insurance company suggested damage of $9 billion

20
Q

workers evacuation (impact, economic)

A

8,500 workers had to evacuate in the shell oil industry operations had to shut down causing a CA $1 billion impact

21
Q

mining industry (impacts,
economic)

A

-600 work camps destroyed (Albian Sands)
-Cost the industry $1bn

22
Q

political debate (impacts,
political)

A

fuelled a political debate about the impacts of climate change and increased vulnerability in the future

23
Q

recasting during (response)

A

meteorological info used to forecast the fire’s likely direction

24
Q

state of emergency (responses)

A

Alberta Province Government declared a state of emergency

25
Q

Services deployed (responses)

A

Canadian armed forces : Helicopters, Water bombers and firefighters
>USA, AUS, Russia all helped provide these

26
Q

money for dependants (responses)

A

government provided $1250 per adult for evacuees as long term compensations, criticism this wasn’t enough for people who lost businesses and livelihood

27
Q

Canadian Red Cross (responses)

A

Canadian Red Cross donations for over $50mil (CAN)

28
Q

presidential Promises (responses)

A
  • Canadian president promised long-term aid in June
  • Allowed evacuees to return back in and support rebuilding process
29
Q

What was held to raise money in June

A

A concert for ‘fire aid’

30
Q

Example of the positive feedback loop this caused

A

Increased temperature causes increased risk of wildfires

31
Q

What local infrastructure was destroyed

A

Major transport links such as railways, roads, local airports which were valuable to the local economy

32
Q

Cause of the wildfire

A

Precise cause unknown, climate conditions were favourable and the ENSP cycle, ladder effect

33
Q

was the short term response successful

A

Management was very successful as no deaths or serious injury

34
Q

What did the government set up online

A

a registry for temporary housing

35
Q

monitoring

A

drones with cameras and thermometers so they could track where it was going

36
Q

adaptation

A

fire adapted communities so they took
mitigation action so they live with wildfires without harm

37
Q

prediction

A

Fire modelling where and how quick a fire will spread

38
Q

protection

A
  • back burning by control the fire near the rear
    -controlled burning
  • Smokey bear to educate people what to do if a wildfire occurs
39
Q

where did the fire ignite

A

Remote forest areas south west of fort McMurray