Volatile Poisons (Methanol & Ethylene Glycol)

Question 1

How much of ethanol and methanol excreted unchanged by the kidneys

Answer 1

10% of ethanol.
3% of methanol.

Question 2

How much of methanol excreted unchanged by the respiration

Answer 2

10%

Question 3

Which of the following is incorrect about methanol
A. Extracted from wood.
B. Used as solvent.
C. Highly protein bond.
D. Matabolised by alcohol dehydrogenase.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The toxic dose of the methanol is

Answer 4

100mg/kg

Question 5

The fatal dose of methanol is

Answer 5

20 - 150 g (~240ml)

Question 6

What is the clinical manifistation of methanol poisoning

Answer 6

1. 1st few hours = gastritis.
2. After 8 - 36 h = nausea, vomiting, headache, optic neuritis and cerebral edema.
3. In over dose death can occure.

Question 7

Treatment of methanol poisoning

Answer 7

1. ABC and coma cocktail.
2. GIT decontamination.
3. Antidote = fomepizole.

Question 8

T/F: ethylene glycol is colorless, odorless and tasteless.

Answer 8

False it’s sweet in taste.

Question 9

Ethylene glycol is component of …..

Answer 9

Antifreeze

Question 10

Why ethylene glycol is toxic to the brain & kidneys?

Answer 10

Due to accumulation of Ca oxalate crystals in these organs.

Question 11

Clinical presentation of ethylene glycol poisoning

Answer 11

1-4 = gastritis, vomiting, abdominal pain.
4-12= headache, acidosis, convulsion, arrythmia, coma.
12-24= renal failure, pulmonary edema, cerebral edema.

Question 12

Treatment of ethylene glycol poisoning

Answer 12

1. Stomach lavage.
2. Correction of acidosis.
3. Antidote = fomepizole.
4. Peritoneal dialysis.