Volatile Poisons (Ethanol) Flashcards
Absorption of ethanol is more in which part of GIT?
80% upper part of small intestin.
20% stomach.
Which of the following can increase the absorption of ethanol:
A. Full stomach.
B. Empty stomach.
C. Stomach contains water.
D. Accelerate gastric emptying.
B, C, D
Why alcohol can give effect in female more than in male?
- Smaller body mass.
- Higher fats and lesser fluids.
When ethanol can be detected in the blood?
After 5 minutes
The maximum concentration of ethanol in the blood appears after…
1 hour
Equilibrium between tissue and blood takes place within…
1 to 2 hours
Alcohol is distributed higher in the fat or water
Water
How much of ethanol and methanol excreted unchanged by the kidneys
10% of ethanol.
3% of methanol.
What are the enzymes responsible for converting the ethanol to acetaldehyde
- Alcohol dehydrogenase 90%.
- Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system 10%.
What is the final metabolites of the following substance:
1. Ethanol.
2. Methanol.
3. Ethylene glycol.
- Ethanol = acetate.
- Methanol = formate.
- Ethylene glycol = oxalate, glycolic acid and glyoxylic acid.
What is the toxic dose of ethanol (mg/kg)
700mg/kg
What is the fatal dose of ethanol
300 - 400 ml per 1/2 hour
Ethanol intake cause hypo or hyper glycemia ?
Both but hypoglycemia is more common (hypoglycemic seizures)
Mention the phases of acute ethanol poisoning
- Exitation (150 mg/dl)
- Incoordination or confusion (300 mg/dl).
- Coma or Narcosis (400 mg/dl)
Management of ethanol poisoning
- ABC approach.
- Coma cocktail.
- Gastric lavage (in non-comatose).
- Maintain body temperature.
- Treat the acidosis.
- Hemodialysis or hemoperfusion.
