Voiding Dysfunction

Question 1

what parasymp receptor mediates bladder control?

Answer 1

M3/M2

Question 2

what does sympathetic activation do at bladder?

Answer 2

allows for filling via relaxation of the SM

Question 3

what is the sympathetic receptor in the bladder?

Answer 3

B3

Question 4

what is the sympathetic in charge of with the bladder outlet and internal urethra?

Answer 4

contraction

Question 5

what sympathetic receptor is in charge of the bladder outlet contraction and urethral contraction?

Answer 5

alpha receptors

Question 6

what does the somatic nervous system control with the bladder?

Answer 6

external sphincter

Question 7

what is the cerebral micturition center in charge of?

Answer 7

telling bladder not to activate…really controls when you go

Question 8

what is the pontine micturition center in charge of?

Answer 8

helps with coordination of activities with the sphincters and bladder

Question 9

what is the sacral micturition center in charge of?

Answer 9

processes afferent signals and routes efferent signals

Question 10

what does bladder overactivity mean?

Answer 10

bladder contracts when we dont want it to

Question 11

what are symptoms of bladder overactivity?

Answer 11

urinary urgency and frequency with urge incontinence

Question 12

what is issue in decreased storage volume of bladder?

Answer 12

decreased capacity to fill..you get afferent receptors activating earlier at lower volumes

Question 13

what are symptoms of decreased storage volume?

Answer 13

urgency and frequency

Question 14

what is issue with a stiff bladder?

Answer 14

you have low compliance of the bladder

Question 15

what is the cause of stress incontinence?

Answer 15

weak or damaged sphincter muscles that lapse when cough or sneezing

Question 16

what are two ways to limit bladder emptying?

Answer 16

decreased bladder contractility and increased outlet resistance

Question 17

what are four ways to have decreased bladder contraction?

Answer 17

overdistension
infection
fibrosis
and drugs 
or parasympathetic neural issue

Question 18

what can be overactive that causes bladder outelt obstruction?

Answer 18

external sphncter

Question 19

name some urine outlet obstruction causes

Answer 19

prostatic obstruction
scar...stricture
mass
iatrogenic
pelvic organ prolapse

Question 20

what two prostate issues can cause outlet obstruction

Answer 20

BPH and cancer

Question 21

how do you measure urine flow?

Answer 21

uroflowmetry

Question 22

if there is a slow flow rate, what two things to think about?

Answer 22

outlet obstruction or detrussor dysfxn

Question 23

what are four things you can do for an overactive bladder with decreased storage?

Answer 23

behavioral modifications
improve constipation
weight loss
pelvic muscle exercises

Question 24

if you have an over active bladder, what can you give for it?

Answer 24

anticholinergics or beta agonists

Question 25

what are the anticholinergics for overactive bladdeR?

Answer 25

oxybutynin and tolterodine

Question 26

what are the B3 agonists for overactive bladder?

Answer 26

mirabegron

Question 27

what can you do to fix weak or damaged outlet muscles?

Answer 27

NOTHING

Question 28

what can be done to help with bladder emptying issues?

Answer 28

nothing really...intermittent cath

Question 29

if you have outlet overactivity or detrusor xternal sphincter dysynergi, what is best rx option?

Answer 29

bypass with cath

Question 30

if you have BPH and bladder outlet obstruction, what meds can you give?

Answer 30

alpha blockers relax smooth muscle withing bladder nneck and prostate

Question 31

what med is alpha blocker to help with BPH?

Answer 31

tamsulosin

Question 32

what can you give to shrink prostate in BPH?

Answer 32

finasteride..5a reductase inhibitors

Question 33

how do you image for bladder trauma?

Answer 33

CT cystogram

Question 34

what is a CT cystogram?

Answer 34

retrograde bladder fill with cath with water soluble contrast

Question 35

how do you manage extraperitoneal bladder trauma?

Answer 35

foley cath drainage

Question 36

how do you manage an itraperitoneal injury to bladder?

Answer 36

surgical interventions

Question 37

how do you evaluate for suspicion of urethral trauma?

Answer 37

retrogrde urethrogram

Question 38

what is a retrograde urethrogram?

Answer 38

catheter tipped syringe in meatus and empties cntrast

Question 39

what is a cystourethroscopy?

Answer 39

direct visualization of the urethra

Question 40

who gets a retrograde urethrogrm?

Answer 40

males

Question 41

who gets a cystourethroscopy?

Answer 41

females

Question 42

what is worrisome for urethral trauma?

Answer 42

blood at urethral meatus after pelvic trauma