Female Infertility Flashcards
if a woman has normal menstrual cycles, are they likely ovulating?
you betcha
name four tests to check for ovulation
midluteal serum progesterone
basal body temp chart
cervical mucus monitoring
urine ovulations predictor kits
does temp go up or down with ovulation? why?
up because progesterone makes it bump up
what hormone does an ovulation prediction kit test for?
LH surge
how is cervical mucus durng the follicular phase?
estrogen makes increase in volume and water content
how is cervical mucus during luteal phase?
progesterone makes it more viscous
what are two common internal tubal damaging things that can lead to infertility?
chlamydia and gonorrhea infections
what is a factor that is external to the follicular tubes that can lead to infetility?
endometriosis
what is a developmental abnormality of the uterus that can cause infertility?
septate uterus
what are three uterine acquired abnormalities that can lead to infertility?
submucosal leiomyoma
endometrial polyp
intrauterine adhesions
what is a submucosal leiomyoma?
fibroid
what is intrauterine adhesions?
scar tissue
what two medications can be used to stimulate the ovaries?
clomiphene and letrozole
what are the three main characteristics for diagnosis of PCOS?
oligo-anovulation/irregular menses
hyperandrogenism
polycystic ovaries on ultrasound
what are clinical signs of hyperandrogenism in PCOS?
hirsutism and acne
and
elevated testosterone
what two things can be seen in ovary imaging with PCOS?
12 or more follicles or increased ovary volume
what is often elevated in PCOS and leads to many fo the changes?
hyperinsulinemia
how does hyperinsulinemia change sex hormones?
increases LH, increases ovarian androgen prdxn and lowers sex hormone binding globulin
how is the hypothalamus messed up in PCOS? specifically, what happens to LH and FSH levels?
increased LH and decreased FSH
what are the four most common associated conditions with PCOS?
insulin resistance
metabolic syndrome
obesity
T2DM
what are some random associations with PCOS?
fatty liver
sleep apnea
endometrial cancer
infertility
what should be given for insulin resistance in PCOS?
metformin
what can be given for cycle regulation in PCOS?
OCPs
what can be given for infertility in PCOS?
clomid and letrozole
